社区首页 >专栏 >配置 Python 环境 - Conda

配置 Python 环境 - Conda

原创

1AI

发布于 2025-01-17 12:48:21

2820

文章被收录于专栏：新手入门大模型应用开发新手入门大模型应用开发

这里推荐使用 Miniconda

下载安装 Miniconda

官方文档 - 下载：https://docs.anaconda.com/miniconda/install/

方式一：下载安装包

安装包地址：https://www.anaconda.com/download/success

支持 Windows、macOS、Linux

macOS 在下载 pkg 安装包后，双击安装来安装；

安装成功后，将在终端 prompt 看到 (base) ,代表你进入了 base conda 环境。

你可以在终端输入下面命令来测试：

conda list

方式二：使用脚本

Apple Silicon

mkdir -p ~/miniconda3
curl https://repo.anaconda.com/miniconda/Miniconda3-latest-MacOSX-arm64.sh -o ~/miniconda3/miniconda.sh
bash ~/miniconda3/miniconda.sh -b -u -p ~/miniconda3
rm ~/miniconda3/miniconda.sh

Apple Intel

mkdir -p ~/miniconda3
curl https://repo.anaconda.com/miniconda/Miniconda3-latest-MacOSX-x86_64.sh -o ~/miniconda3/miniconda.sh
bash ~/miniconda3/miniconda.sh -b -u -p ~/miniconda3
rm ~/miniconda3/miniconda.sh

Linux 64-bit

mkdir -p ~/miniconda3
wget https://repo.anaconda.com/miniconda/Miniconda3-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh -O ~/miniconda3/miniconda.sh
bash ~/miniconda3/miniconda.sh -b -u -p ~/miniconda3
rm ~/miniconda3/miniconda.sh

安装低版本

你可以在这里找到低版本的脚本、安装器

https://repo.anaconda.com/miniconda/

激活环境

安装成功后，运行下面命令来激活环境

source ~/miniconda3/bin/activate

让 conda 在所有 shells 上有效，运行以下命令：

conda init --all

conda 常用操作

环境管理

查看当下有哪些环境

conda info -e

创建环境

基于 python 3.11

此处我命名环境名为 e311，你可以改为自己的名字

conda create -n e311 python=3.11

复制环境

如果环境 e311 已经有一些很方便的包，但需要创建新环境，可以复制 e311

conda create -n e3112 --clone e311

切换环境

% conda info -e
# conda environments:
#
base                  *  /Users/shushu/miniconda3
e311                     /Users/shushu/miniconda3/envs/e311

(base) % conda activate e311

(e311) % conda activate base

退出环境

conda deactivate

移除环境

conda remove -n e311 --all

修改环境名

conda create --name e11 --clone e311
conda remove --name e311 --all

包管理

查看已经安装的package

conda list

安装包

conda install numpy

安装指定版本

conda install numpy==3.45.3

指定环境参数安装(-n)

conda install -n e11 numpy

终端前显示了环境名后，使用 pip install 也可以安装到当下环境

在源仓库查找包

conda search sqlite

将返回历史版本信息

 % conda search sqlite
Loading channels: done
# Name                       Version           Build  Channel             
sqlite                        3.20.1      h7e4c145_2  pkgs/main           
sqlite                        3.20.1      h900c3b0_1  pkgs/main           
sqlite                        3.21.0      h3efe00b_0  pkgs/main           
sqlite                        3.21.0      h3efe00b_2  pkgs/main           
...

更新包

conda update numpy

卸载包

conda remove numpy

其它命令：

 % conda --help
usage: conda [-h] [-v] [--no-plugins] [-V] COMMAND ...

conda is a tool for managing and deploying applications, environments and packages.

options:
  -h, --help          Show this help message and exit.
  -v, --verbose       Can be used multiple times. Once for detailed output, twice for INFO logging, thrice for DEBUG logging,
                      four times for TRACE logging.
  --no-plugins        Disable all plugins that are not built into conda.
  -V, --version       Show the conda version number and exit.

commands:
  The following built-in and plugins subcommands are available.

  COMMAND
    activate          Activate a conda environment.
    clean             Remove unused packages and caches.
    compare           Compare packages between conda environments.
    config            Modify configuration values in .condarc.
    content-trust     Signing and verification tools for Conda
    create            Create a new conda environment from a list of specified packages.
    deactivate        Deactivate the current active conda environment.
    doctor            Display a health report for your environment.
    env               See `conda env --help`.
    info              Display information about current conda install.
    init              Initialize conda for shell interaction.
    install           Install a list of packages into a specified conda environment.
    list              List installed packages in a conda environment.
    notices           Retrieve latest channel notifications.
    package           Create low-level conda packages. (EXPERIMENTAL)
    remove (uninstall)
                      Remove a list of packages from a specified conda environment.
    rename            Rename an existing environment.
    repoquery         Advanced search for repodata.
    run               Run an executable in a conda environment.
    search            Search for packages and display associated information using the MatchSpec format.
    update (upgrade)  Update conda packages to the latest compatible version.