聊聊UI自动化的PageObject设计模式

/***
* Tests login feature
*/
public class Login {

public void testLogin() {
// fill login data on sign-in page
driver.findElement(By.name("user_name")).sendKeys("userName");
driver.findElement(By.name("password")).sendKeys("my supersecret password");
driver.findElement(By.name("sign-in")).click();

// verify h1 tag is "Hello userName" after login
driver.findElement(By.tagName("h1")).isDisplayed();
assertThat(driver.findElement(By.tagName("h1")).getText(), is("Hello userName"));
}
}

 

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;

/**
* Page Object encapsulates the Sign-in page.
*/
public class SignInPage {
protected WebDriver driver;

// <input name="user_name" type="text" value="">
private By usernameBy = By.name("user_name");
// <input name="password" type="password" value="">
private By passwordBy = By.name("password");
// <input name="sign_in" type="submit" value="SignIn">
private By signinBy = By.name("sign_in");

public SignInPage(WebDriver driver){
this.driver = driver;
}

/**
* Login as valid user
*
* @param userName
* @param password
* @return HomePage object
*/
public HomePage loginValidUser(String userName, String password) {
driver.findElement(usernameBy).sendKeys(userName);
driver.findElement(passwordBy).sendKeys(password);
driver.findElement(signinBy).click();
return new HomePage(driver);
}
}

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;

/**
* Page Object encapsulates the Home Page
*/
public class HomePage {
protected WebDriver driver;

// <h1>Hello userName</h1>
private By messageBy = By.tagName("h1");

public HomePage(WebDriver driver){
this.driver = driver;
if (!driver.getTitle().equals("Home Page of logged in user")) {
throw new IllegalStateException("This is not Home Page of logged in user," +
" current page is: " + driver.getCurrentUrl());
}
}

/**
* Get message (h1 tag)
*
* @return String message text
*/
public String getMessageText() {
return driver.findElement(messageBy).getText();
}

public HomePage manageProfile() {
// Page encapsulation to manage profile functionality
return new HomePage(driver);
}
/* More methods offering the services represented by Home Page
of Logged User. These methods in turn might return more Page Objects
for example click on Compose mail button could return ComposeMail class object */
}

/***
* Tests login feature
*/
public class TestLogin {

@Test
public void testLogin() {
SignInPage signInPage = new SignInPage(driver);
/// login
HomePage homePage = signInPage.loginValidUser("userName", "password");
// assert login result
assertThat(homePage.getMessageText(), is("Hello userName"));
}

}

public void testMessagesAreReadOrUnread() {
Inbox inbox = new Inbox(driver);
inbox.assertMessageWithSubjectIsUnread("I like cheese");
inbox.assertMessageWithSubjectIsNotUnread("I'm not fond of tofu");
}

 

public void testMessagesAreReadOrUnread() {
Inbox inbox = new Inbox(driver);
assertTrue(inbox.isMessageWithSubjectIsUnread("I like cheese"));
assertFalse(inbox.isMessageWithSubjectIsUnread("I'm not fond of tofu"));
}

public class LoginPage {
private final WebDriver driver;

public LoginPage(WebDriver driver) {
this.driver = driver;

// Check that we're on the right page.
if (!"Login".equals(driver.getTitle())) {
// Alternatively, we could navigate to the login page, perhaps logging out first
throw new IllegalStateException("This is not the login page");
}
}

// The login page contains several HTML elements that will be represented as WebElements.
// The locators for these elements should only be defined once.
By usernameLocator = By.id("username");
By passwordLocator = By.id("passwd");
By loginButtonLocator = By.id("login");

// The login page allows the user to type their username into the username field
public LoginPage typeUsername(String username) {
// This is the only place that "knows" how to enter a username
driver.findElement(usernameLocator).sendKeys(username);

// Return the current page object as this action doesn't navigate to a page represented by another PageObject
return this;
}

// The login page allows the user to type their password into the password field
public LoginPage typePassword(String password) {
// This is the only place that "knows" how to enter a password
driver.findElement(passwordLocator).sendKeys(password);

// Return the current page object as this action doesn't navigate to a page represented by another PageObject
return this;
}

// The login page allows the user to submit the login form
public HomePage submitLogin() {
// This is the only place that submits the login form and expects the destination to be the home page.
// A seperate method should be created for the instance of clicking login whilst expecting a login failure.
driver.findElement(loginButtonLocator).submit();

// Return a new page object representing the destination. Should the login page ever
// go somewhere else (for example, a legal disclaimer) then changing the method signature
// for this method will mean that all tests that rely on this behaviour won't compile.
return new HomePage(driver);
}

// The login page allows the user to submit the login form knowing that an invalid username and / or password were entered
public LoginPage submitLoginExpectingFailure() {
// This is the only place that submits the login form and expects the destination to be the login page due to login failure.
driver.findElement(loginButtonLocator).submit();

// Return a new page object representing the destination. Should the user ever be navigated to the home page after submiting a login with credentials
// expected to fail login, the script will fail when it attempts to instantiate the LoginPage PageObject.
return new LoginPage(driver);
}

// Conceptually, the login page offers the user the service of being able to "log into"
// the application using a user name and password.
public HomePage loginAs(String username, String password) {
// The PageObject methods that enter username, password & submit login have already defined and should not be repeated here.
typeUsername(username);
typePassword(password);
return submitLogin();
}
}