问在一定范围内生成无偏随机整数的最优算法是什么？

EN

int rangeRandomAlg2 (int min, int max)
{
    int n = max - min + 1;
    int remainder = RAND_MAX % n;
    int x;
    do
    {
        x = rand();
    } while (x >= RAND_MAX - remainder);
    return min + x % n;
}

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0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1

int n = (int)(max - min + 1);
int remainder = RAND_MAX % n;
int x, output;
do {
  x = rand();
  output = x % n;
} while (x >= RAND_MAX - remainder);
return min + output;

using System;

class Rand {
    static Random r = new Random();

    static int Rand16() {
        return r.Next(16);
    }

    static int Rand7Naive() {
        return Rand16() % 7;
    }

    static int Rand7Float() {
        return (int)(Rand16() / 16.0 * 7);
    }

    // corrected
    static int Rand7RejectionNaive() {
        int n = 7, remainder = 16 % n, x, output;
        do {
            x = Rand16();
            output = x % n;
        } while (x >= 16 - remainder);
        return output;
    }

    // adapted to fit the constraints of this example
    static int Rand7RejectionJava() {
        int n = 7, x, output;
        do {
            x = Rand16();
            output = x % n;
        } while (x - output + 6 > 15);
        return output;
    }

    static void Test(Func<int> rand, string name) {
        var buckets = new int[7];
        for (int i = 0; i < 10000000; i++) buckets[rand()]++;
        Console.WriteLine(name);
        for (int i = 0; i < 7; i++) Console.WriteLine("{0}\t{1}", i, buckets[i]);
    }

    static void Main() {
        Test(Rand7Naive, "Rand7Naive");
        Test(Rand7Float, "Rand7Float");
        Test(Rand7RejectionNaive, "Rand7RejectionNaive");
    }
}