2018年考研英语一大作文社会发展热点现象类

万学海文 张豫

【考点考向】人工智能，机器人，产业升级，就业新形势

【必备主题词】

1. 人工智能 artificial intelligence (AI)

2. 自动化automation

3.机器人robot

4.工匠精神 craftsmanship spirit

5.技术革命 technical revolution

6.协同工作 cooperative work

7.就业机会 job opportunity

8.失业率 unemployment rate

9.高技能劳动者 Highly skilled workers

10.技术性失业 technological unemployment

11.资本性收入capital income

12.劳动性收入labor income

13.政府救济government relief

14.需求 requirement

15.效率 efficiency

16.促进经济增长 promote economic growth

17.冲击 impact

18.人口红利 demographic dividend

19.擅长 be adept at

【必备论证素材句】

1.科技领袖们普遍认为，机器人将毫无争议地将取代人类的某些工作。

Technology leaders generally believe that robots will replace some of human jobs undoubtedly.

2.很多人相信，未来绝大多数失业人口依靠救济金来维持基本生活，而富人拥有并操作所有的机器人。

Many people believe that the majority of the unemployed rely on relief funds to maintain a basic life in the future, while the rich have all the robots.

3.人工智能在几乎所有事情上都比人类更擅长，也就是说，机器人在未来将很可能取代人类。

Artificial intelligence will be more adept at almost everything than humans, that is, robots will likely replace humans in the future.

4.人工智能创造的就业机会与破坏的就业机会一样多。

Artificial intelligence creates as many job opportunities as it disrupts.

5.从人工智能中获益最多的行业，是那些复杂的、创造性的行业,包括：教育、科学、IT、设计等等。将会受到人工智能冲击的行业是：金融、保险、零售、建设、公共管理、运输和制造业。

The industries that benefit the most from artificial intelligence are those complex and creative industries, including education, science, IT, design, etc. Industries that will be negatively influenced by AI are finance, insurance, retail, construction, public administration, transportation, and manufacturing.

6. 一方面，技术进步通过提高劳动生产率、促进经济增长，制造新的产品和市场来创造新的就业机会；另一方面，人工智能可以实现更大规模的自动化，替代部分人力工作。

On the one hand, technological advancement creates new employment opportunities by increasing labor productivity, promoting economic growth, and creating new products and markets; on the other hand, artificial intelligence can achieve greater automation and replace some of the human work.

7.在人工智能以多种形式取代人的工作背景下， 人工智能到底是就业 “杀手”还是 “助手”，引发了各方的讨论。

In the context of artificial intelligence replacing people in various forms, whether artificial intelligence is a job “killer” or “helper” has triggered discussion among the parties.

8.被机器人取代并不意味着大量失业， 因为新的就业岗位将被创造出来。 人们应该提升工作技能来应对即将到来的就业大变迁时代。

Being replaced by robots does not mean massive unemployment, because new jobs will be created. People should improve their work skills to cope with the upcoming era of major employment changes.

9.对企业而言， 虽然人口红利逐渐消失，但通过细化工作内容，使用人工智能技术机器人替代人力岗位的 “技术红利” 与 “机器人红利”，可极大降低成本。

For enterprises, although the demographic dividend is disappearing gradually, by using the robot to replace the “technical dividend” and “robot bonus” of the labor force, the cost can be greatly reduced.

10.智能机器不是代替人，而是要协助人做好工作。人和机器各有优势，要互相了解才能实现人机协作，但人还是人机关系的主导者。

Smart machines are not a substitute for people, but to help people do their jobs. People and machines have their own advantages. It is necessary to understand each other to achieve human-machine collaboration, but people are still the dominant players in human-machine relations.

【实战演练】

Directions:

Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should

1) describe the drawing briefly,

2) explain its intended meaning, and

3) give your comments.

You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)

助手还是对手

As is vividly portrayed in the cartoon, a yellow robot is grabbing a rice bowl from a worker which writes "jobs" on it, while the worker is panicked and helpless. Under the picture there are some eye-catching words reading that "assistant or opponent", leaving an indelible impression on many people.

Hundreds of years ago, people worried that the industrial revolution would make a large number of unemployment. But history has proved that the new technological upheaval has not led to massive joblessness; rather it has renovated the social division of labor and made the industry more efficient. Therefore, commanding robots to do low-efficiency and low-value-added work, such as dirty, dangerous, and labor-intensive work, is a very practical requirement. On the other hand, as the productivity promotes, many new jobs will be created and people will have more time to do creative work, such as education, culture and art.

Obviously, artificial intelligence and automation are an irresistible trend in social development. As a college student, first of all, being an intellectual, we have an advantage in this new technological upgrading. Secondly, we should always pay attention to the development of AI, learn to utilize frontier technology to enhance our major, and get used to working with artificial intelligence or robots in our future career. Finally, diligence and craftsmanship are not outdated at all times, and only hard work can be invincible.