有没有办法在matplotlib.pyplot.show()中选择默认的鼠标“模式”作为缩放指针？

在matplotlib.pyplot.show()中，默认的鼠标“模式”是指针模式，用于选择和交互。然而，可以通过使用matplotlib.pyplot.rcParams来更改默认的鼠标“模式”为缩放指针模式。

具体步骤如下：

导入matplotlib.pyplot模块：import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
使用rcParams设置鼠标“模式”为缩放指针模式：plt.rcParams['toolbar'] = 'toolmanager'
导入所需的模块：from matplotlib.backend_tools import ToolBase, ToolToggleBase
创建一个自定义的Tool类，用于切换鼠标“模式”：

class ZoomTool(ToolToggleBase):
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        self._id_press = None
        self._id_release = None

    def enable(self, event):
        if self._id_press is None:
            self._id_press = self.canvas.mpl_connect('button_press_event', self.press)
        if self._id_release is None:
            self._id_release = self.canvas.mpl_connect('button_release_event', self.release)

    def disable(self, event):
        if self._id_press is not None:
            self.canvas.mpl_disconnect(self._id_press)
            self._id_press = None
        if self._id_release is not None:
            self.canvas.mpl_disconnect(self._id_release)
            self._id_release = None

    def press(self, event):
        if event.button == 1 and event.inaxes:
            self._id_release = self.canvas.mpl_connect('button_release_event', self.release)
            self._id_motion = self.canvas.mpl_connect('motion_notify_event', self.motion)
            self._xpress = event.xdata
            self._ypress = event.ydata

    def release(self, event):
        if event.button == 1:
            self.canvas.mpl_disconnect(self._id_release)
            self.canvas.mpl_disconnect(self._id_motion)
            self._id_release = None
            self._id_motion = None

    def motion(self, event):
        if event.inaxes:
            dx = event.xdata - self._xpress
            dy = event.ydata - self._ypress
            self._xpress = event.xdata
            self._ypress = event.ydata
            ax = event.inaxes
            ax.set_xlim(ax.get_xlim() - dx)
            ax.set_ylim(ax.get_ylim() - dy)
            self.canvas.draw_idle()

    def get_default_keymap(self):
        return 'z', 'Zoom'

    def get_icon(self):
        return 'zoom_to_rect.png'

    def get_tooltip(self):
        return 'Zoom'

    def get_description(self):
        return 'Zoom to rectangle'

    def get_message(self):
        return 'Press left mouse button and drag to zoom to rectangle.'

注册自定义的Tool类：ToolBase.toolmanager.add_tool('Zoom', ZoomTool)
在show()之前，使用plt.rcParams['toolbar'] = 'toolmanager'启用工具栏：plt.rcParams['toolbar'] = 'toolmanager'
调用plt.show()显示图形。

完整的代码示例如下：

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.backend_tools import ToolBase, ToolToggleBase

class ZoomTool(ToolToggleBase):
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        self._id_press = None
        self._id_release = None

    def enable(self, event):
        if self._id_press is None:
            self._id_press = self.canvas.mpl_connect('button_press_event', self.press)
        if self._id_release is None:
            self._id_release = self.canvas.mpl_connect('button_release_event', self.release)

    def disable(self, event):
        if self._id_press is not None:
            self.canvas.mpl_disconnect(self._id_press)
            self._id_press = None
        if self._id_release is not None:
            self.canvas.mpl_disconnect(self._id_release)
            self._id_release = None

    def press(self, event):
        if event.button == 1 and event.inaxes:
            self._id_release = self.canvas.mpl_connect('button_release_event', self.release)
            self._id_motion = self.canvas.mpl_connect('motion_notify_event', self.motion)
            self._xpress = event.xdata
            self._ypress = event.ydata

    def release(self, event):
        if event.button == 1:
            self.canvas.mpl_disconnect(self._id_release)
            self.canvas.mpl_disconnect(self._id_motion)
            self._id_release = None
            self._id_motion = None

    def motion(self, event):
        if event.inaxes:
            dx = event.xdata - self._xpress
            dy = event.ydata - self._ypress
            self._xpress = event.xdata
            self._ypress = event.ydata
            ax = event.inaxes
            ax.set_xlim(ax.get_xlim() - dx)
            ax.set_ylim(ax.get_ylim() - dy)
            self.canvas.draw_idle()

    def get_default_keymap(self):
        return 'z', 'Zoom'

    def get_icon(self):
        return 'zoom_to_rect.png'

    def get_tooltip(self):
        return 'Zoom'

    def get_description(self):
        return 'Zoom to rectangle'

    def get_message(self):
        return 'Press left mouse button and drag to zoom to rectangle.'

# 注册自定义的Tool类
ToolBase.toolmanager.add_tool('Zoom', ZoomTool)

# 设置鼠标“模式”为缩放指针模式
plt.rcParams['toolbar'] = 'toolmanager'

# 绘制图形
plt.plot([1, 2, 3, 4], [1, 4, 9, 16])

# 显示图形
plt.show()

这样，当调用plt.show()时，将显示一个具有缩放指针模式的图形，并且可以使用鼠标进行缩放操作。

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