哈希的简单介绍

// 哈希表每个空间给个标记
// EMPTY此位置空， EXIST此位置已经有元素， DELETE元素已经删除
enum State{EMPTY, EXIST, DELETE}; 

enum State { EMPTY, EXIST, DELETE };

template<class K,class V>
class HashTable
{
	struct Elem
	{
		pair<K, V> _val;
		State _state;
	};

public:

	HashTable(size_t capacity = 3)
		:_ht(capacity)
		, _size(0)
	{
		for (size_t i = 0; i < capacity; i++)
		{
			_ht[i]._state = EMPTY;
		}
	}

	bool Insert(const pair<K, V>& val)
	{
		// 检测哈希表底层空间是否充足
		// _CheckCapacity();
		size_t hashAddr = HashFunc(key);
		// size_t startAddr = hashAddr;
		while (_ht[hashAddr]._state != EMPTY)
		{
			if (_ht[hashAddr]._state == EXIST && _ht[hashAddr]._val.first
				== key)
				return false;

			hashAddr++;
			if (hashAddr == _ht.capacity())
				hashAddr = 0;
			/*
			// 转一圈也没有找到，注意：动态哈希表，该种情况可以不用考虑，哈希表中元
 素个数到达一定的数量，哈希冲突概率会增大，需要扩容来降低哈希冲突，因此哈希表中元素是
 不会存满的
			if(hashAddr == startAddr)
				return false;
			*/
		}

		// 插入元素
		_ht[hashAddr]._state = EXIST;
		_ht[hashAddr]._val = val;
		_size++;
		return true;
	}
	int Find(const K& key)
	{
		size_t hashAddr = HashFunc(key);
		while (_ht[hashAddr]._state != EMPTY)
		{
			if (_ht[hashAddr]._state == EXIST && _ht[hashAddr]._val.first
				== key)
				return hashAddr;

			hashAddr++;
		}
		return hashAddr;
	}
	bool Erase(const K & key)
	{
		int index = Find(key);
		if (-1 != index)
		{
			_ht[index]._state = DELETE;
			_size++;
			return true;
		}
		return false;
	}


	/*size_t size()const;
	bool empty() const;
	void swap(HashTable<K, V, HF>& ht);*/

private:
	size_t HashFunc(const K& key)
	{
		return key % _ht.capacity();
	}
private:
	vector<Elem> _ht;
	size_t _size;

};

size_t GetNextPrime(size_t prime)
{
	const int PRIMECOUNT = 28;
	static const size_t primeList[PRIMECOUNT] =
	{
	53ul, 97ul, 193ul, 389ul, 769ul,
	1543ul, 3079ul, 6151ul, 12289ul, 24593ul,
	49157ul, 98317ul, 196613ul, 393241ul, 786433ul,
	1572869ul, 3145739ul, 6291469ul, 12582917ul,
   25165843ul,
	50331653ul, 100663319ul, 201326611ul, 402653189ul,
   805306457ul,
	1610612741ul, 3221225473ul, 4294967291ul
	};
	size_t i = 0;
	for (; i < PRIMECOUNT; ++i)
	{
		if (primeList[i] > prime)
			return primeList[i];
	}
	return primeList[i];
}

void CheckCapacity()
{
	if (_size * 10 / _ht.capacity() >= 7)
	{
		HashTable<K, V, HF> newHt(GetNextPrime(ht.capacity));
		for (size_t i = 0; i < _ht.capacity(); ++i)
		{
			if (_ht[i]._state == EXIST)
				newHt.Insert(_ht[i]._val);
		}

		Swap(newHt);
	}
}

template<class V>
struct HashBucketNode
{
	HashBucketNode(const V& data)
		: _pNext(nullptr), _data(data)
	{}
	HashBucketNode<V>* _pNext;
	V _data;
};
// 本文所实现的哈希桶中key是唯一的
template<class V>
class HashBucket
{
	typedef HashBucketNode<V> Node;
	typedef Node* PNode;
public:
	HashBucket(size_t capacity = 3) : _size(0)
	{
		_ht.resize(GetNextPrime(capacity), nullptr);
	}

	// 哈希桶中的元素不能重复
	PNode* Insert(const V& data)
	{
		// 确认是否需要扩容。。。
  // _CheckCapacity();

		// 1. 计算元素所在的桶号
		size_t bucketNo = HashFunc(data);

		// 2. 检测该元素是否在桶中
		PNode pCur = _ht[bucketNo];
		while (pCur)
		{
			if (pCur->_data == data)
				return pCur;

			pCur = pCur->_pNext;
		}

		// 3. 插入新元素
		pCur = new Node(data);
		pCur->_pNext = _ht[bucketNo];
		_ht[bucketNo] = pCur;
		_size++;
		return pCur;
	}

	// 删除哈希桶中为data的元素(data不会重复)，返回删除元素的下一个节点
	PNode* Erase(const V& data)
	{
		size_t bucketNo = HashFunc(data);
		PNode pCur = _ht[bucketNo];
		PNode pPrev = nullptr, pRet = nullptr;

		while (pCur)
		{
			if (pCur->_data == data)
			{
				if (pCur == _ht[bucketNo])
					_ht[bucketNo] = pCur->_pNext;
				else
					pPrev->_pNext = pCur->_pNext;

				pRet = pCur->_pNext;
				delete pCur;
				_size--;
				return pRet;
			}
		}

		return nullptr;
	}

	PNode* Find(const V& data);
	size_t Size()const;
	bool Empty()const;
	void Clear();
	bool BucketCount()const;
	void Swap(HashBucket<V, HF>& ht;
	~HashBucket();
private:
	size_t HashFunc(const V& data)
	{
		return data % _ht.capacity();
	}
private:
	vector<PNode*> _ht;
	size_t _size;      // 哈希表中有效元素的个数
};

void _CheckCapacity()
{
    size_t bucketCount = BucketCount();
    if(_size == bucketCount)
   {
        HashBucket<V, HF> newHt(bucketCount);
        for(size_t bucketIdx = 0; bucketIdx < bucketCount; ++bucketIdx)
       {
            PNode pCur = _ht[bucketIdx];
            while(pCur)
           {
                // 将该节点从原哈希表中拆出来
                _ht[bucketIdx] = pCur->_pNext;
                
                // 将该节点插入到新哈希表中
                size_t bucketNo = newHt.HashFunc(pCur->_data);
                pCur->_pNext = newHt._ht[bucketNo];
                newHt._ht[bucketNo] = pCur;
                pCur = _ht[bucketIdx];
           }
       }
        
        newHt._size = _size;
        this->Swap(newHt);
   }
}