当我们需要在程序中使用字符串和数字数据互相转换的时候,可以使用stringstream类,
#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
int main()
{
// default constructor (input/output stream)
std::stringstream buf1;
buf1 << 7;//将int转换为stringstream对象
int n = 0;
buf1 >> n;
std::cout << "buf1 = " << buf1.str() << " n = " << n << '\n';
// input stream
std::istringstream inbuf("-10");
inbuf >> n;//可以将stringstream对象转换为int
std::cout << "n = " << n << '\n';
// output stream in append mode (C++11)
std::ostringstream buf2("test", std::ios_base::ate);//如果不设置第二个参数的话,就会变为1est
buf2 << '1';
std::cout << buf2.str() << '\n';
}
输出:
buf1 = 7 n = 7
n = -10
test1
转换过程:
#include <sstream>
#include <iostream>
int main()
{
int n;
std::istringstream in; // could also use in("1 2")
in.str("1 2");
in >> n;
std::cout << "after reading the first int from \"1 2\", the int is "
<< n << ", str() = \"" << in.str() << "\"\n";
std::ostringstream out("1 2");
out << 3;
std::cout << "after writing the int '3' to output stream \"1 2\""
<< ", str() = \"" << out.str() << "\"\n";
out << 4;
std::cout << "after writing the int '4' to output stream \"1 2\""
<< ", str() = \"" << out.str() << "\"\n";
out << 5;
std::cout << "after writing the int '5' to output stream \"1 2\""
<< ", str() = \"" << out.str() << "\"\n";
std::ostringstream ate("1 2", std::ios_base::ate);
ate << 3;
std::cout << "after writing the int '3' to append stream \"1 2\""
<< ", str() = \"" << ate.str() << "\"\n";
return 0;
}
输出为:
after reading the first int from "1 2", the int is 1, str() = "1 2"
after writing the int '3' to output stream "1 2", str() = "3 2"//插入时如果不设置,默认从头开始插入
after writing the int '4' to output stream "1 2", str() = "342"
after writing the int '5' to output stream "1 2", str() = "345"
after writing the int '3' to append stream "1 2", str() = "1 23"
>>操作也默认从头开始输出,<<默认从头开始输入。(感觉好反直觉。。)
此链接的实验中,+=和append操作,效率都高,但是stringstream由于是类,频繁地创建和销毁代价较高,涉及到内存分配、对象构造和销毁。如果循环中需要频繁使用stringstream对象的话,可以共用一个,在使用中clear和清空:
void* test_stringstream(void * arg)
{
stringstream oss;
for(int i=0;i<10000;i++)
{
oss.clear();这仅仅置流标记
oss.str("");/这是才是真正清空操作
oss << i;
}
}
stringstream不会主动释放内存,stream.str("")清除缓冲。