Spring Data JPA Native Query N+1问题

@Repository
public interface OrderRepository extends JpaRepository<Order, Long> {
    @Query("SELECT o FROM Order o JOIN FETCH o.items WHERE o.id = :id")
    Optional<Order> findByIdWithItems(@Param("id") Long id);
}

@Repository
public interface OrderRepository extends JpaRepository<Order, Long> {
    @EntityGraph(attributePaths = {"items"})
    Optional<Order> findById(Long id);
}

spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.jdbc.batch_size=50
spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.order_inserts=true
spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.order_updates=true

public class OrderDTO {
    private Long id;
    private List<ItemDTO> items;

    // getters and setters
}

@Repository
public interface OrderRepository extends JpaRepository<Order, Long> {
    @Query("SELECT new com.example.OrderDTO(o.id, i) FROM Order o JOIN o.items i WHERE o.id = :id")
    Optional<OrderDTO> findByIdWithItems(@Param("id") Long id);
}

@Entity
public class Order {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private Long id;

    @OneToMany(mappedBy = "order", fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
    private List<Item> items;

    // getters and setters
}

@Entity
public class Item {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private Long id;

    @ManyToOne(fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
    @JoinColumn(name = "order_id")
    private Order order;

    // getters and setters
}

@Repository
public interface OrderRepository extends JpaRepository<Order, Long> {
    @Query("SELECT o FROM Order o JOIN FETCH o.items WHERE o.id = :id")
    Optional<Order> findByIdWithItems(@Param("id") Long id);
}