JS中的自定义数据类型

// 定义一个简单的自定义类型
function Person(name, age) {
  this.name = name;
  this.age = age;
}

// 在原型上添加方法
Person.prototype.greet = function() {
  console.log(`Hello, my name is ${this.name} and I am ${this.age} years old.`);
};

// 创建实例
const person1 = new Person('Alice', 30);
person1.greet(); // 输出: Hello, my name is Alice and I am 30 years old.

// 定义一个继承自Person的类型
function Student(name, age, grade) {
  Person.call(this, name, age); // 调用父类构造函数
  this.grade = grade;
}

// 设置原型链以实现继承
Student.prototype = Object.create(Person.prototype);
Student.prototype.constructor = Student;

// 在Student原型上添加方法
Student.prototype.study = function() {
  console.log(`${this.name} is studying in grade ${this.grade}.`);
};

// 创建实例
const student1 = new Student('Bob', 15, 10);
student1.greet(); // 输出: Hello, my name is Bob and I am 15 years old.
student1.study(); // 输出: Bob is studying in grade 10.

Student.prototype = Object.create(Person.prototype);
Student.prototype.constructor = Student;

function Person(name, age) {
  this.name = name;
  this.age = age;
  this.friends = []; // 每个实例都有自己的friends数组
}