通过引用调用Python函数

# 定义一个简单的函数
def greet(name):
    return f"Hello, {name}!"

# 定义一个接受函数作为参数的高阶函数
def call_function(func, arg):
    return func(arg)

# 使用示例
result = call_function(greet, "World")
print(result)  # 输出: Hello, World!

# 使用Lambda函数作为参数
result_lambda = call_function(lambda x: x.upper(), "hello")
print(result_lambda)  # 输出: HELLO

# 使用装饰器
def my_decorator(func):
    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
        print("Before function call")
        result = func(*args, **kwargs)
        print("After function call")
        return result
    return wrapper

@my_decorator
def say_hello():
    return "Hello!"

print(say_hello())  # 输出:
# Before function call
# Hello!
# After function call

def outer_function():
    x = 10

    def inner_function():
        nonlocal x
        x += 1
        return x

    return inner_function

closure_func = outer_function()
print(closure_func())  # 输出: 11
print(closure_func())  # 输出: 12