怎样备份linux 系统

# 全量备份
tar -czvf /path/to/backup.tar.gz / --exclude=/proc --exclude=/tmp --exclude=/dev --exclude=/mnt --exclude=/sys

# 增量备份
tar -g /path/to/snapshot.snar -czvf /path/to/incremental_backup.tar.gz / --exclude=/proc --exclude=/tmp --exclude=/dev --exclude=/mnt --exclude=/sys

# 全量备份
rsync -aAXv --exclude={"/dev/*","/proc/*","/sys/*","/tmp/*","/run/*","/mnt/*","/media/*","/lost+found"} / /path/to/backup

# 增量备份
rsync -aAXv --exclude={"/dev/*","/proc/*","/sys/*","/tmp/*","/run/*","/mnt/*","/media/*","/lost+found"} --link-dest=/path/to/previous_backup / /path/to/new_backup

# 备份整个磁盘到文件
sudo dd if=/dev/sda of=/path/to/disk_image.img bs=64K conv=noerror,sync

# 从镜像恢复磁盘
sudo dd if=/path/to/disk_image.img of=/dev/sda bs=64K conv=noerror,sync

md5sum /path/to/backup.tar.gz