将XML转换为Perl哈希

use XML::LibXML;

# 解析XML文档
my $xml = XML::LibXML->load_xml(location => 'example.xml');

# 获取根节点
my $root = $xml->documentElement();

# 转换XML为Perl哈希
my $hash = xml_to_hash($root);

# 打印Perl哈希
use Data::Dumper;
print Dumper($hash);

# 递归函数，将XML节点转换为Perl哈希
sub xml_to_hash {
    my ($node) = @_;
    
    my $hash = {};
    
    # 处理节点属性
    foreach my $attr ($node->attributes()) {
        $hash->{'_attributes'}->{$attr->nodeName()} = $attr->nodeValue();
    }
    
    # 处理子节点
    foreach my $child ($node->childNodes()) {
        if ($child->nodeType() == XML_ELEMENT_NODE) {
            my $child_hash = xml_to_hash($child);
            
            # 处理重复的节点名称
            if (exists $hash->{$child->nodeName()}) {
                if (ref($hash->{$child->nodeName()}) eq 'ARRAY') {
                    push @{$hash->{$child->nodeName()}}, $child_hash;
                } else {
                    $hash->{$child->nodeName()} = [$hash->{$child->nodeName()}, $child_hash];
                }
            } else {
                $hash->{$child->nodeName()} = $child_hash;
            }
        }
    }
    
    # 处理节点文本内容
    if ($node->hasChildNodes() && $node->firstChild()->nodeType() == XML_TEXT_NODE) {
        $hash->{'_text'} = $node->textContent();
    }
    
    return $hash;
}