如何在不同类型上进行模式匹配？

import re

text = "There are 10 cats and 15 dogs in the park."
pattern = r'\d+'
matches = re.findall(pattern, text)
print(matches)  # ['10', '15']

import fnmatch

files = ['file1.txt', 'file2.jpg', 'file3.txt', 'file4.png']
pattern = '*.txt'
matches = fnmatch.filter(files, pattern)
print(matches)  # ['file1.txt', 'file3.txt']

import fnmatch

my_dict = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2', 'other_key': 'value3'}
pattern = 'key*'
matches = {k: v for k, v in my_dict.items() if fnmatch.fnmatch(k, pattern)}
print(matches)  # {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}

class Person:
    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age

    def __match__(self, pattern):
        if pattern == '*':
            return True
        elif pattern == 'adult' and self.age >= 18:
            return True
        elif pattern == 'child' and self.age < 18:
            return True
        else:
            return False

people = [Person('Alice', 25), Person('Bob', 15), Person('Charlie', 30)]
matches = [p for p in people if p.__match__('adult')]
print(matches)  # [Person('Alice', 25), Person('Charlie', 30)]