如何使用Spring + Hibernate将字符串作为日期读取？

public class User {
    private Date birthDate;
    
    // getter and setter
}

@Entity
@Table(name = "user")
public class User {
    @Temporal(TemporalType.DATE)
    @Column(name = "birth_date")
    private Date birthDate;
    
    // getter and setter
}

<class name="User" table="user">
    <property name="birthDate" column="birth_date" type="date"/>
</class>

public Date getUserBirthDate(String userId) {
    Session session = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
    Criteria criteria = session.createCriteria(User.class);
    criteria.add(Restrictions.eq("id", userId));
    User user = (User) criteria.uniqueResult();
    return user.getBirthDate();
}

public Date getUserBirthDate(String userId) {
    Session session = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
    Query query = session.createQuery("SELECT u.birthDate FROM User u WHERE u.id = :userId");
    query.setParameter("userId", userId);
    return (Date) query.uniqueResult();
}