首先,Python是云计算领域中广泛使用的一种编程语言。PyGTK是Python的一个开源图形用户界面库,旨在提供一组易于使用和强大的小部件,让开发者可以更方便地创建桌面应用程序。
接下来,我们来看如何使用PyGTK和原生小部件来为macOS开发和创建自包含的应用程序包。在这个过程中,您需要掌握以下知识:
以下是一个简单的步骤说明:
使用命令行或者Python包管理器(如pip)来安装Python的GTK3库,然后使用pip安装PyGTK库。
pip install Gtk3
pip install pygtk
使用以下代码创建一个简单的PyGTK应用程序:
#!/usr/bin/env python
from gi.repository import Gtk
class SimpleWindow(Gtk.Window):
def __init__(self):
super(SimpleWindow, self).__init__()
self.set_title("PyGTK Application")
if __name__ == "__main__":
window = SimpleWindow()
window.connect("destroy", Gtk.main_quit)
window.show_all()
Gtk.main()
然后,使用如下代码创建一个原生macOS小部件:
import Cocoa
import Quartz
def create_icon(icon_source):
icon_data = Quartz.CGImageGetData(Quartz.CGImageCreateWithImageInRect(
Quartz.CGImage.new("image.jpg", 1, 1),
0, 0, 1,
1))
width = Quartz.CGImageGetWidth(icon_data) * 2
height = Quartz.CGImageGetHeight(icon_data) * 2
pixmap = Quartz.CGPixmapCreateWithImage(Quartz.CGImageCreate(width, height),
Quartz.k32ARGBPixelDataByteOrder, width, height,
Quartz.kFreesContext, Quartz.k CGImageAlphaNoneSkipLast,
Quartz.k CGImagePropertyNone);
return Quartz.CGImageCreateWithPixmap(pixmap, Quartz.k CGImageAlphaPremultipliedLast, icon_data,
Quartz.k CGImageAlphaNoneSkipLast, Quartz.kJSActivationLeftImageHintKey);
将这个模块包含在您的应用程序目录中,然后在模块中定义一个自定义的icon函数,该函数定义了一个macOS图标资源并返回一个用于显示的CGImage对象:
macos_icon = create_icon("image.jpg")
在PyGTK代码中添加一个简单的部件并添加一个按钮,以便当按钮被点击时,它将使用定义的macOS图标更新部件的图标:
from gi.repository import Gtk
def set_icon(image):
width, height = Quartz.CGImageGetWidth(image), Quartz.CGImageGetHeight(image)
scaled = Quartz.CGImageCreateWithImage(image,
Quartz.k32ARGBPixelDataByteOrder, width, height,
Quartz.kFreesContext, Quartz.k CGImageAlphaNoneSkipLast,
Quartz.k CGImagePropertyNone);
button = Gtk.Image()
button.set_image(scaled)
button.set_halign(Gtk.Align.START)
button.set_valign(Gtk.Align.CENTER)
button.add_events(Gdk.EventMask.BUTTONPressEvent | Gdk.EventMask.BUTTONRelease)
button.connect("button-press-event", self.press_button)
button.show_all()
def press_button(button, event):
image = Gtk.Image()
set_icon(image)
现在,您可以将自定义图标的创建函数与部件的实例绑定,并在部件被点击时调用它来更新部件:
window = SimpleWindow()
set_icon
window.show_all()
Gtk.main()
使用distutils包将您的应用程序打包成macOS应用程序包。首先,在您的应用程序目录中创建以下文件:
setup.py
MANIFEST.in
pygtk_extras/icons/*.png
然后添加下面这个到setup.py文件:
from setuptools import setup, Extension, find_packages
import pygtkextras
install_requires = [
"pygtkcontrib",
]
version = pygtkextras.version
author = "Your Name <your.email@example.com>"
packages = find_packages('dist')
packageNames = ["pygtkextras"]
extInfo = Extension(
name=packageNames[0],
sources=['pygtkextras/__init__.py'],
language="c",
)
setup(
name=packageNames[0],
version=version,
description="Optional description provided by the setup.py",
classifiers=[
"Development Status :: 4 - Beta",
"Intended Audience :: Developers",
"License :: OSI Approved :: BSD License",
"Programming Language :: Python",
"Programming Language :: GTK",
"Programming Language :: Python :: 3.4",
"Programming Language :: Python :: 3.5",
"Operating System :: MacOS",
],
keywords=["pygtk", "gobject", "gtk3", "pygtkextras",],
classifiers=[
"Development Status :: 4 - Beta",
"Intended Audience :: Developers",
"License :: OSI Approved :: BSD License",
"Programming Language :: Python",
"Programming Language :: Python :: 3.4",
"Programming Language :: Python :: 3.5",
"Operating System :: MacOS",
],
install_requires=install_requires, # Add more dependencies
version=version,
author=author,
packages=packageNames,
ext_modules=[extInfo],
)
接着,使用以下命令将您的应用程序打包成macOS应用程序包并提交到PyPI:
python setup.py sdist bdist_wheel
twine upload dist/*
现在,您已经创建了一个使用原生macOS小部件并具有原生外观的MacOS自包含PyGTK应用程序包!
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