在单独的gradle任务中运行Spring cloud contract测试

在单独的gradle任务中运行Spring Cloud Contract测试是一种测试方法，用于验证微服务架构中的服务间通信是否符合契约。Spring Cloud Contract是一个基于契约的开发框架，它允许开发人员定义和测试服务之间的契约，以确保服务之间的通信是正确的。

具体步骤如下：

配置Gradle任务：在项目的build.gradle文件中，添加Spring Cloud Contract Gradle插件的依赖和配置。例如：

plugins {
    id 'org.springframework.cloud.contract' version '3.0.4'
}

contracts {
    baseClassMappings {
        baseClassMapping 'com.example.contract.BaseContractTest', 'com.example.contract.BaseContractTestImpl'
    }
}

定义契约：在测试资源目录下创建一个contracts文件夹，并在其中定义契约文件。契约文件使用Groovy DSL或YAML格式编写，描述了服务之间的请求和响应。例如：

import org.springframework.cloud.contract.spec.Contract

Contract.make {
    request {
        method 'GET'
        url '/api/books'
        headers {
            contentType applicationJson()
        }
    }
    response {
        status 200
        body([
            title: 'Book Title',
            author: 'Book Author'
        ])
        headers {
            contentType applicationJson()
        }
    }
}

编写测试代码：在测试源代码目录下创建一个测试类，并编写测试代码。测试代码使用Spring Cloud Contract提供的测试注解和工具类，发送请求并验证响应是否符合契约。例如：

import org.springframework.cloud.contract.stubrunner.spring.AutoConfigureStubRunner
import org.springframework.cloud.contract.stubrunner.spring.StubRunnerProperties
import org.springframework.test.context.junit.jupiter.SpringExtension
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test
import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtendWith
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired
import org.springframework.boot.test.web.client.TestRestTemplate
import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders
import org.springframework.http.HttpMethod
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus
import org.springframework.http.MediaType
import org.springframework.http.RequestEntity
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity

@ExtendWith(SpringExtension.class)
@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
@AutoConfigureStubRunner(ids = "com.example:book-service:+:stubs:8080", stubsMode = StubRunnerProperties.StubsMode.LOCAL)
public class BookServiceContractTest {

    @Autowired
    private TestRestTemplate restTemplate;

    @Test
    public void testGetBooks() {
        HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
        headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);

        RequestEntity<?> requestEntity = new RequestEntity<>(headers, HttpMethod.GET, "/api/books");
        ResponseEntity<String> responseEntity = restTemplate.exchange(requestEntity, String.class);

        assertThat(responseEntity.getStatusCode()).isEqualTo(HttpStatus.OK);
        assertThat(responseEntity.getBody()).isEqualTo("{\"title\":\"Book Title\",\"author\":\"Book Author\"}");
    }
}