保存指向列表的链接以避免陈旧的元素错误Selenium

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
import time

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get("http://example.com")

# 第一次查找元素
element = driver.find_element(By.ID, "element_id")

# 模拟页面刷新或部分更新
driver.refresh()
time.sleep(2)

# 重新查找元素
element = driver.find_element(By.ID, "element_id")
element.click()

from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC

wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10)
element = wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.ID, "element_id")))
element.click()

def find_element_by_id(driver, element_id):
    return driver.find_element(By.ID, element_id)

element = find_element_by_id(driver, "element_id")
element.click()

# 页面刷新后
driver.refresh()
time.sleep(2)
element = find_element_by_id(driver, "element_id")
element.click()