使用Python 3弹出设备/USB (Windows 10)

基础概念

在Windows 10系统中，使用Python 3弹出设备（如USB驱动器）通常涉及到与操作系统底层进行交互。这可以通过调用Windows API来实现，具体来说，可以使用ctypes库来加载和调用Windows API函数。

类型

主要涉及到以下Windows API函数：

SetupDiGetClassDevs：获取设备信息集。
SetupDiEnumDeviceInterfaces：枚举设备接口。
SetupDiGetDeviceInterfaceDetail：获取设备接口详细信息。
DeviceIoControl：与设备进行通信，执行特定操作（如弹出设备）。

应用场景

自动化测试：在自动化测试过程中，可能需要频繁地插入和弹出USB设备。
系统管理工具：开发系统管理工具时，可能需要提供弹出设备的功能。
安全应用：在某些安全应用中，可能需要控制USB设备的插入和弹出。

示例代码

以下是一个使用Python 3弹出USB设备的示例代码：

import ctypes
from ctypes import wintypes

# 定义Windows API函数和常量
SetupDiGetClassDevs = ctypes.windll.setupapi.SetupDiGetClassDevsW
SetupDiEnumDeviceInterfaces = ctypes.windll.setupapi.SetupDiEnumDeviceInterfaces
SetupDiGetDeviceInterfaceDetail = ctypes.windll.setupapi.SetupDiGetDeviceInterfaceDetailW
DeviceIoControl = ctypes.windll.kernel32.DeviceIoControl

GUID_DEVINTERFACE_USB_DEVICE = ctypes.cGuid("{A5DCBF10-6530-11D2-901F-00C04FB951ED}")
DIGCF_PRESENT = 0x00000002
DIGCF_DEVICEINTERFACE = 0x00000001

class SP_DEVINFO_DATA(ctypes.Structure):
    _fields_ = [
        ("cbSize", wintypes.DWORD),
        ("ClassGuid", ctypes.cGuid),
        ("DevInst", wintypes.DWORD),
        ("Reserved", ctypes.POINTER(wintypes.DWORD))
    ]

class SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DATA(ctypes.Structure):
    _fields_ = [
        ("cbSize", wintypes.DWORD),
        ("InterfaceClassGuid", ctypes.cGuid),
        ("Flags", wintypes.DWORD),
        ("Reserved", ctypes.POINTER(wintypes.DUSEL))
    ]

class SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DETAIL_DATA(ctypes.Structure):
    _fields_ = [
        ("cbSize", wintypes.DWORD),
        ("DevicePath", ctypes.c_wchar * 256)
    ]

def find_usb_device():
    h_info_set = SetupDiGetClassDevs(GUID_DEVINTERFACE_USB_DEVICE, None, None, DIGCF_PRESENT | DIGCF_DEVICEINTERFACE)
    if h_info_set == ctypes.INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE:
        raise ctypes.WinError()

    dev_info_data = SP_DEVINFO_DATA()
    dev_info_data.cbSize = ctypes.sizeof(SP_DEVINFO_DATA)

    device_interface_data = SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DATA()
    device_interface_data.cbSize = ctypes.sizeof(SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DATA)

    for i in range(100):
        if not SetupDiEnumDeviceInterfaces(h_info_set, None, GUID_DEVINTERFACE_USB_DEVICE, i, ctypes.pointer(device_interface_data)):
            break

        detail_data = SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DETAIL_DATA()
        detail_data.cbSize = ctypes.sizeof(SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DETAIL_DATA)

        if SetupDiGetDeviceInterfaceDetail(h_info_set, ctypes.pointer(device_interface_data), ctypes.pointer(detail_data), ctypes.sizeof(SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DETAIL_DATA), None, ctypes.pointer(dev_info_data)):
            yield detail_data.DevicePath

    SetupDiDestroyDeviceInfoList(h_info_set)

def eject_usb_device(device_path):
    h_device = CreateFileW(device_path, GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE, FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE, None, OPEN_EXISTING, 0, None)
    if h_device == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE:
        raise ctypes.WinError()

    if not DeviceIoControl(h_device, IOCTL_STORAGE_EJECT_MEDIA, None, 0, None, 0, None, None):
        raise ctypes.WinError()

    CloseHandle(h_device)

# 示例使用
for device_path in find_usb_device():
    print(f"Found USB device: {device_path}")
    eject_usb_device(device_path)