从文件中读取数据时，如何知道类类型？

import json

class MyClass:
    def __init__(self, data):
        self.data = data

def serialize(obj):
    if isinstance(obj, MyClass):
        return {'__class__': 'MyClass', 'data': obj.data}
    raise TypeError(f'Object of type {obj.__class__.__name__} is not JSON serializable')

def deserialize(data):
    if '__class__' in data:
        if data['__class__'] == 'MyClass':
            return MyClass(data['data'])
    raise ValueError('Unknown class type')

# 序列化
obj = MyClass({'key': 'value'})
serialized_data = json.dumps(obj, default=serialize)

# 反序列化
deserialized_obj = deserialize(json.loads(serialized_data))
print(deserialized_obj.data)  # 输出: {'key': 'value'}

import java.io.*;

class MyClass implements Serializable {
    private String data;

    public MyClass(String data) {
        this.data = data;
    }

    public String getData() {
        return data;
    }
}

public class SerializationExample {
    public static void serialize(Object obj, String fileName) throws IOException {
        try (ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(fileName))) {
            oos.writeObject(obj);
        }
    }

    public static Object deserialize(String fileName) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
        try (ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream(fileName))) {
            return ois.readObject();
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            MyClass obj = new MyClass("value");
            serialize(obj, "data.ser");

            Object deserializedObj = deserialize("data.ser");
            if (deserializedObj instanceof MyClass) {
                System.out.println(((MyClass) deserializedObj).getData()); // 输出: value
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}