服务器运维操作命令速查手册

uname -a                 # 查看内核信息
cat /etc/os-release      # 查看系统版本
hostnamectl              # 主机名与系统信息
uptime                    # 运行时间、负载

lscpu
cat /proc/cpuinfo
mpstat -P ALL

free -h
cat /proc/meminfo
top / htop

df -hT
lsblk
mount | column -t
findmnt

ls -lh
cd /path
pwd
touch file
mkdir -p dir/subdir
cp -a src dst
mv old new
rm -rf dir

find / -name "*.log"
du -sh *
wc -l file
stat file

chmod 755 file
chmod -R 644 dir
chown user:user file
id username

useradd username
passwd username
usermod -aG wheel username
userdel -r username
su - username
whoami
who
last

visudo
username ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL

ps aux
ps -ef | grep nginx
top
htop

kill PID
kill -9 PID
pkill nginx

systemctl start nginx
systemctl stop nginx
systemctl restart nginx
systemctl status nginx
systemctl enable nginx
systemctl disable nginx
systemctl list-units --type=service

ip a
ip route
nmcli device status

ss -lntup
netstat -lntup
lsof -i:80

ping 8.8.8.8
traceroute www.baidu.com
curl -I http://127.0.0.1

tcpdump -i eth0 -nn port 80
tcpdump -i any host 1.1.1.1

fdisk -l
parted /dev/sdb

mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1
fsck -y /dev/sdb1

pvcreate /dev/sdb
vgcreate vgdata /dev/sdb
lvcreate -L 10G -n lvdata vgdata
lvextend -L +5G /dev/vgdata/lvdata
resize2fs /dev/vgdata/lvdata

journalctl -xe
journalctl -u nginx
journalctl --since "1 hour ago"

/var/log/messages
/var/log/secure
/var/log/syslog
/var/log/nginx/
/var/log/audit/audit.log

tail -f /var/log/messages
tail -n 100 file.log

yum install nginx
dnf install httpd
yum remove nginx
yum list installed
yum provides */netstat

apt update
apt install nginx
apt remove nginx
apt list --installed

firewall-cmd --state
firewall-cmd --list-all
firewall-cmd --add-port=80/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --reload

iptables -L -n
iptables -F
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT

getenforce
setenforce 0
semanage port -l

crontab -e
crontab -l

0 2 * * * /usr/bin/backup.sh

at 23:00
atq
atrm 1

top / htop
iostat -x 1
vmstat 1
sar -u 1
free -h
df -h

# 找出占用 80 端口的进程
ss -lntup | grep :80

# 找出大文件
find / -type f -size +1G

# 查看最近登录失败
lastb

# 一键查看服务器健康
uptime && free -h && df -h