我们需要实现一个注册表单,其中包括以下几个字段:
表单需要进行以下验证:
以下是我们将实现的表单页面截图:
我们将使用HTML、CSS和JavaScript来实现这个表单验证功能。首先,让我们看看HTML代码:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Form Validator</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css">
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<form id="form" class="form">
<h2>Register With Us</h2>
<div class="form-control">
<label for="username">Username</label>
<input type="text" id="username" placeholder="Enter username">
<small>Error message</small>
</div>
<div class="form-control">
<label for="email">Email</label>
<input type="text" id="email" placeholder="Enter email">
<small>Error message</small>
</div>
<div class="form-control">
<label for="password">Password</label>
<input type="password" id="password" placeholder="Enter password">
<small>Error message</small>
</div>
<div class="form-control">
<label for="password2">Confirm Password</label>
<input type="password" id="password2" placeholder="Enter password again">
<small>Error message</small>
</div>
<button type="submit">Submit</button>
</form>
</div>
<script src="script.js"></script>
</body>
</html>
然后是CSS样式,使我们的表单更美观:
@import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans&display=swap');
:root {
--success-color: #2ecc71;
--error-color: #e74c3c;
}
* {
box-sizing: border-box;
}
body {
background-color: #f9fafb;
font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif;
display: flex;
align-items: center;
justify-content: center;
min-height: 100vh;
margin: 0;
}
.container {
background-color: #fff;
border-radius: 5px;
box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
width: 400px;
}
h2 {
text-align: center;
margin: 0 0 20px;
}
.form {
padding: 30px 40px;
}
.form-control {
margin-bottom: 10px;
padding-bottom: 20px;
position: relative;
}
.form-control label {
color: #777;
display: block;
margin-bottom: 5px;
}
.form-control input {
border: 2px solid #f0f0f0;
border-radius: 4px;
display: block;
width: 100%;
padding: 10px;
font-size: 14px;
}
.form-control input:focus {
outline: 0;
border-color: #777;
}
.form-control.success input {
border-color: var(--success-color);
}
.form-control.error input {
border-color: var(--error-color);
}
.form-control small {
color: var(--error-color);
position: absolute;
bottom: 0;
left: 0;
visibility: hidden;
}
.form-control.error small {
visibility: visible;
}
.form button {
cursor: pointer;
background-color: #3498db;
border: 2px solid #3498db;
border-radius: 4px;
color: #fff;
display: block;
font-size: 16px;
padding: 10px;
margin-top: 20px;
width: 100%;
}
最后是JavaScript代码,负责表单验证的逻辑:
const form = document.getElementById('form');
const username = document.getElementById('username');
const email = document.getElementById('email');
const password = document.getElementById('password');
const password2 = document.getElementById('password2');
// 显示错误信息
function showError(input, message) {
const formControl = input.parentElement;
formControl.className = 'form-control error';
const small = formControl.querySelector('small');
small.innerText = message;
}
// 显示成功信息
function showSuccess(input) {
const formControl = input.parentElement;
formControl.className = 'form-control success';
}
// 验证邮箱格式
function checkEmail(input) {
const re = /^(([^<>()\[\]\\.,;:\s@"]+(\.[^<>()\[\]\\.,;:\s@"]+)*)|(".+"))@((\[[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\])|(([a-zA-Z\-0-9]+\.)+[a-zA-Z]{2,}))$/;
if (re.test(input.value.trim())) {
showSuccess(input);
} else {
showError(input, 'Email is not valid');
}
}
// 检查必填字段
function checkRequired(inputArr) {
inputArr.forEach(function(input) {
if (input.value.trim() === '') {
showError(input, `${getFieldName(input)} is required`);
} else {
showSuccess(input);
}
});
}
// 检查输入长度
function checkLength(input, min, max) {
if (input.value.length < min) {
showError(
input,
`${getFieldName(input)} must be at least ${min} characters`
);
} else if (input.value.length > max) {
showError(
input,
`${getFieldName(input)} must be less than ${max} characters`
);
} else {
showSuccess(input);
}
}
// 检查密码匹配
function checkPasswordsMatch(input1, input2) {
if (input1.value !== input2.value) {
showError(input2, 'Passwords do not match');
}
}
// 获取字段名称
function getFieldName(input) {
return input.id.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + input.id.slice(1);
}
// 事件监听
form.addEventListener('submit', function(e) {
e.preventDefault();
checkRequired([username, email, password, password2]);
checkLength(username, 3, 15);
checkLength(password, 6, 25);
checkEmail(email);
checkPasswordsMatch(password, password2);
});
getElementById
获取表单和各个输入字段的引用。showError
函数用于显示错误信息,改变表单控件的样式并显示具体的错误信息。showSuccess
函数用于显示成功信息,改变表单控件的样式为成功状态。checkEmail
函数使用正则表达式验证邮箱格式是否有效。checkRequired
函数遍历所有输入字段,检查是否为空,并调用showError
或showSuccess
函数。checkLength
函数检查输入的字符长度是否在指定范围内。checkPasswordsMatch
函数检查两个密码字段是否一致。getFieldName
函数将输入字段的ID转换为首字母大写的字段名称。希望这篇文章对你有所帮助!如果你在实现过程中遇到任何问题,欢迎在评论区留言,我会尽快回复你。或者你有更好的解决方案,也欢迎分享出来,让我们一起进步!