怎样对生产环境10T RAC新增Adg 不对现有主库产生任何负载，不占用网络带宽？

**导读**

> 作者：杨漆

> 16年关系型数据库管理，从oracle 9i 、10g、11g、12c到Mysql5.5、5.6、5.7、8.0 到TiDB获得3个OCP、2个OCM；运维路上不平坦，跌过不少坑、熬过许多夜。把工作笔记整理出来分享给大伙儿，希望帮到大家少走弯路、少熬夜。

提问：

如果您的生产环境为3节点的Rac+ASM，10T以上数据，业务对主库有极高性能要求，不能占用主库资源、通道、带宽，且主库归档日志每4小时会定时删除一次（归档存储空间有限，且无法扩容），现有备库上的归档每小时不定期自动删除（第三方软件，且要求不能停），在这种极端情况下怎样才能再新部署一套Adg ?

答：

1.Duplicate Target 方式是彻底无望了！

2.传统的Rman备份出全量数据传输到备库后启动Adg从主库自动拉归档方式也不可能（10T数据备份时间 + 传输时间 + 恢复时间 > 4小时）

3.Rman备份出全量数据传到备库恢复，备份同时主库定时转储归档传到备库register (主库当前环境为三节点Rac，归档存放在ASM上，你能知道归档的正确顺序，并按顺序正确register到新的dg端？)

4.Rman备份出全量数据传到备库恢复，备份同时从现有一备库端定时转储归档传到备库register（第三方软件每小时内不定期删除归档日志，你怎么确保高频产生的归档全部转储成功，一个不丢失不损坏？）

以上的四种方案全无法通过！

可上级的要求无法违背。怎样在这样极端恶劣的环境下新部署一套Adg库？

解决方案如下：

1.在主库端制作standby控制文件

2.在现有备库端备份全量数据

3.搭建第二新备库并用备库端传来的全量数据恢复

4.read only方式开打新备库读出Gap点的scn

5.根据Gap点scn在旧有备库上做好增量备份

6.用增备恢复第二新备库

7.启用dg让新备库自动抓取主库端4小时内的归档，恢复追平主库

8.启动Adg验证有效性

步骤：

   1.保持与主库操作系统一致，在Adg Server上部署Redhat7.2的OS,本机存储空间分配足够（20T），保证主备库间带宽畅通；

   2.在standby部署好Oracle12C的software、空库并启动到nomount状态 ;

   3.将旧有备库上的密码文件、静态参数文件传输到新的Adg端（参数文件根据主/备环境做对应修改配置）;

   4.选择非业务高峰时段对主库spfile用命令动态修改；

   5.在主库上创建备库控制文件并传输到备库对应目录;

   6.旧备库外挂NAS存储（移动式），rman备份完全量数据后将此NAS快速搬迁到异地机房并挂载到新备库端;

   7.用主库制作的standby controlfile启动新备库到mount状态；

   8.用外挂NAS存储上的全量备份集恢复新备库；

   9.只读方式开打新备库读出Gap点的scn（找最小点的scn）；

   10.根据Gap点scn在旧有备库上做好增量备份，用增备恢复第二新备库；

   11.启用dg让新备库自动抓取主库端4小时内的归档，恢复追平主库；

   12.启动Adg 验证主、备库数据一致性;

################## 以下为具体执行手顺

主库执行：

TNS:

orcldg2 =

  (DESCRIPTION =

  (ADDRESS_LIST =

  (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.10.10.5)(PORT = 1521))

  ) 

 (CONNECT_DATA =

 (SERVICE_NAME = orcldg2)

 (UR=A)

 )

 )

#!/bin/bash

sqlplus `sys/ as sysdba`>result.log<<EOF

##alter database create standby controlfile as '/home/oracle/control01_sty.ctl'；

alter system set log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(orcl,orcldg1,orcldg2)';

alter system set log_archive_dest_4='SERVICE=orcldg2 LGWR ASYNC NOAFFIRM VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcldg2' scope=both sid='*';

alter system set log_archive_dest_state_4=enable;

alter system set standby_file_management='AUTO';

exit

EOF

##在主库上创建备库控制文件并传输到备库对应目录 

sqlplus `sys/ as sysdba`>result.log<<EOF    

alter database create standby controlfile as '/mnt/backup/control01_sty.ctl'

exit

EOF

scp -r /mnt/backup/control01_sty.ctl   10.10.10.18:/home/oracle/

## 全备Standby库+归档、并行

旧备库端执行：

su - oracle

vi rman_database_backup.sh

#!/bin/sh

echo  "start full database backup !"

rman target /   log /mnt/backup/datbase_backup.log <<EOF

run {

configure channel device type disk format '/mnt/backup/full_%U_%d';

configure device type disk parallelism 10;                            ## 自动分配10路并行备份通道，无需再手动指定

delete backupset all completed before 'sysdate-7';

crosscheck archivelog all;

delete noprompt expired archivelog all;

backup database plus archivelog;

}

exit;

EOF

echo  "finished full database backup !!!"

##备份集的实际路径、备份集名需按实际情况调整

scp -r  /mnt/backup/full_database   10.10.10.18:/u01/backup/full_database

## 全量恢复

新备库执行：

rman target / log /home/oracle/rman_recover.log<<END

run{ 

startup nomount;

restore controlfile from '/home/oracle/control01_sty.ctl';

sql 'alter database mount standby database';

catalog start with '/mnt/backup/';         ##备份集的实际路径、备份集名需按实际情况调整           

configure device type disk parallelism 10;

restore database;

recover database;

} 

exit;

END

###基于gap点拉增量备份

select * from v$archive_gap;

##查看standby端最小 scn

col min(checkpoint_change#) for 999999999999

col current_scn for 999999999999

set numwidth 20

## select min(checkpoint_change#)  from  v$datafile_header;  ## 两条sql 二选一就好，用下面这条更省力

select min(fhscn) from x$kcvfh;

MIN(FHSCN)

--------------------

20172508017

select current_scn from v$database;

  CURRENT_SCN

-------------

  20203151960

选择较小SCN号（20172508017）去主库拉增备

## 查出主库在standby端current_scn后产生的新数据文件，根据文件号（file#）在主库端做Rman数据文件备份

## select file#,name from v$datafile where creation_change#>=(select current_scn from v$database);  ## 极端情况下使用，大多数时候不用这样做

################################## 拉增备的scn号用下面查出来最小的号

SQL> SELECT CURRENT_SCN FROM V$DATABASE;

CURRENT_SCN

--------------

2164433

SQL> select min(checkpoint_change#) from v$datafile_header

where file# not in (select file# from v$datafile where enabled = 'READ ONLY');

MIN(F.FHSCN)

----------------

2162298

comment:上面一个为控制文件中记录的SCN号，另一个为数据文件头记录的SCN号， 我们需要选择较小SCN号（2162298）的来备份。

###################################

## 主库上再次制作standby控制文件

主库执行：

sqlplus `sys/ as sysdba`>result.log<<EOF    

alter database create standby controlfile as '/mnt/backup/control02_sty.ctl'

exit

EOF

##将主库上新创建的备库控制文件传输到新备库对应目录下(10.10.10.18使用) 

scp -r /mnt/backup/control02_sty.ctl   10.10.10.18:/home/oracle/

## 在旧备库拉增量+归档、并行

旧备库执行：

su - oracle

vi rman_increment_DB_backup.sh

#!/bin/sh

echo  "start increment DB backup !"

rman target /   log /mnt/backup/increment_backup.log <<EOF

run {

configure channel device type disk format '/mnt/backup/incre_dir/incre_DB_%U_%d';

configure device type disk parallelism 10;

crosscheck archivelog all;

delete noprompt expired archivelog all;

## backup as compressed backupset datafile 5;   ## 极端情况下才拉单独的datafile备份

## backup current controlfile for standby format '/mnt/backup/incre_dir/control02_sty.ctl';

## backup as compressed backupset INCREMENTAL from scn 20172508017 database include current controlfile for standby;    ## ASM的RAC端拉会报错，仅适用非ASM

backup as compressed backupset INCREMENTAL from scn 20172508017 database plus archivelog;           ## standby端 MIN(FHSCN)

}

exit

EOF

echo  "finished increment DB backup !!!"

##传输增量备份到standby端（备份集的路径、名字需按实际情况调整）

scp -r  /mnt/backup/incre_dir/incre_DB_xxx   10.10.10.18:/home/oracle/

新备库端执行：

rman target / log /home/oracle/rman_recover.log<<END

run{ 

shutdown;

startup nomount;

restore controlfile from '/mnt/backup/incre_dir/control02_sty.ctl';

sql 'alter database mount standby database';

## alter database mount;

catalog start with '/mnt/backup/incre_dir/';             ## 备份集的路径、名字需按实际情况调整          

configure device type disk parallelism 10;

##restore datafile 5;                            ## 恢复数据文件名按实际情况调整

restore database;

recover database noredo parallel 10;

} 

exit

END

## 清理所有standby log

sqlplus `sys/ as sysdba`>>clear_standbylog.log<<EOF

ALTER DATABASE clear LOGFILE group  40;

ALTER DATABASE clear LOGFILE group  41;

ALTER DATABASE clear LOGFILE group  42;

ALTER DATABASE clear LOGFILE group  43;

ALTER DATABASE clear LOGFILE group  44;

ALTER DATABASE clear LOGFILE group  45;

ALTER DATABASE clear LOGFILE group  46;

ALTER DATABASE clear LOGFILE group  47;

ALTER DATABASE clear LOGFILE group  48;

ALTER DATABASE clear LOGFILE group  49;

ALTER DATABASE clear LOGFILE group  50;

ALTER DATABASE clear LOGFILE group  51;

ALTER DATABASE clear LOGFILE group  52;

ALTER DATABASE clear LOGFILE group  53;

ALTER DATABASE clear LOGFILE group  54;

ALTER DATABASE clear LOGFILE group  55;

ALTER DATABASE clear LOGFILE group  56;

ALTER DATABASE clear LOGFILE group  57;

ALTER DATABASE clear LOGFILE group  58;

EOF

## 如果standby log错误直接删除重建

alter database drop standby logfile group 40;

alter database drop standby logfile group 41;

alter database drop standby logfile group 42;

.......

## 增加 standby logfile：

sqlplus `sys/ as sysdba`>>result.log<<EOF

ALTER DATABASE ADD standby LOGFILE group  40 '/u01/app/oracle/standby/stdy40.dbf' size 2G;

ALTER DATABASE ADD standby LOGFILE group  41 '/u01/app/oracle/standby/stdy41.dbf' size 2G;

ALTER DATABASE ADD standby LOGFILE group  42 '/u01/app/oracle/standby/stdy42.dbf' size 2G;

ALTER DATABASE ADD standby LOGFILE group  43 '/u01/app/oracle/standby/stdy43.dbf' size 2G;

ALTER DATABASE ADD standby LOGFILE group  44 '/u01/app/oracle/standby/stdy44.dbf' size 2G;

ALTER DATABASE ADD standby LOGFILE group  45 '/u01/app/oracle/standby/stdy45.dbf' size 2G;

ALTER DATABASE ADD standby LOGFILE group  46 '/u01/app/oracle/standby/stdy46.dbf' size 2G;

ALTER DATABASE ADD standby LOGFILE group  47 '/u01/app/oracle/standby/stdy47.dbf' size 2G;

ALTER DATABASE ADD standby LOGFILE group  48 '/u01/app/oracle/standby/stdy48.dbf' size 2G;

ALTER DATABASE ADD standby LOGFILE group  49 '/u01/app/oracle/standby/stdy49.dbf' size 2G;

ALTER DATABASE ADD standby LOGFILE group  50 '/u01/app/oracle/standby/stdy50.dbf' size 2G;

ALTER DATABASE ADD standby LOGFILE group  51 '/u01/app/oracle/standby/stdy51.dbf' size 2G;

ALTER DATABASE ADD standby LOGFILE group  52 '/u01/app/oracle/standby/stdy52.dbf' size 2G;

ALTER DATABASE ADD standby LOGFILE group  53 '/u01/app/oracle/standby/stdy53.dbf' size 2G;

ALTER DATABASE ADD standby LOGFILE group  54 '/u01/app/oracle/standby/stdy54.dbf' size 2G;

ALTER DATABASE ADD standby LOGFILE group  55 '/u01/app/oracle/standby/stdy55.dbf' size 2G;

ALTER DATABASE ADD standby LOGFILE group  56 '/u01/app/oracle/standby/stdy56.dbf' size 2G;

ALTER DATABASE ADD standby LOGFILE group  57 '/u01/app/oracle/standby/stdy57.dbf' size 2G;

ALTER DATABASE ADD standby LOGFILE group  58 '/u01/app/oracle/standby/stdy58.dbf' size 2G;

EOF

## 10.10.10.18 新standby端的listener 和 tns

SID_LIST_LISTENER =

  (SID_LIST =

    (SID_DESC =

      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = ORCL)

      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1)

      (SID_NAME = orcldg2)

    )

  )

LISTENER =

  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =

    (DESCRIPTION =

      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.10.10.18)(PORT = 1521))

    )

  )

ADR_BASE_LISTENER=/u01/app/oracle

cat tnsnames.ora

# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora

# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

ORCL =

  (DESCRIPTION =

    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.10.10.5)(PORT = 1521))

    (CONNECT_DATA =

      (SERVER = DEDICATED)

      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)

    )

  )

ORCLDG2 =

  (DESCRIPTION =

    (ADDRESS_LIST =

      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.10.10.18)(PORT = 1521))

    )

    (CONNECT_DATA =

      (SERVICE_NAME = orcldg2)

      (UR=A)

    )

  )

## 在新备库自动拉取主库归档并追平数据

sqlplus `sys/ as sysdba`>>result.log<<EOF

ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE DISCONNECT FROM SESSION;

EOF

## 在新备库启动Adg

sqlplus `sys/ as sysdba`>>result.log<<EOF

alter database recover managed standby database cancel;

alter database open;

alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;

EOF

## 查看归档日志gap问题是否解决，及归档日志的应用情况。 

新备库端执行：

set pages 300;

set linesize 300;

col name for a80; 

col FIRST_CHANGE# for 9999999999999 ;

col NEXT_CHANGE# for 9999999999999;

select * from v$archive_gap;

## 测算追archivelog的时间 

select count(*),to_char(min(first_time),'yyyymmdd hh24:mi:ss') from v$archived_log where applied='NO';

  COUNT(*) TO_CHAR(MIN(FIRST

---------- -----------------

       111 20210630 15:21:20

select count(*),to_char(min(first_time),'yyyymmdd hh24:mi:ss') from v$archived_log where applied='YES';

  COUNT(*) TO_CHAR(MIN(FIRST

---------- -----------------

      1355 20210630 11:39:14

## 验证Adg 有效性（新备库上执行）

select recid,name, sequence#, STANDBY_DEST, ARCHIVED, APPLIED from v$archived_log ;

select process,status from v$managed_standby;

select sequence#,applied from v$archived_log order by sequence# asc;

select * from v$dataguard_stats;

备注：追平后APPLIED 全为Yes,只有最后一个在备库端显示为 In Memory

成功运行！ 

环境为 Oracle12cR2 RAC+ ASM + 2个Adg（一个同城、一个异地）

### 自动清除已应用的归档，释放磁盘空间，避免爆盘

cat delete_archivelog.sh

#!/bin/sh

## find /u01/app/oracle/arhivelog -name "*.arc"  -mtime +1 |xargs rm -rf

cd

. ./.bash_profile

export ORACLE_SID=orcl

echo "">/home/oracle/delete_archivelog.log

/u01/app/oracle/product/bin/rman target / msglog=/home/oracle/delete_archivelog.log <<EOF

run{

CROSSCHECK ARCHIVELOG ALL;

DELETE NOPROMPT EXPIRED ARCHIVELOG ALL;

DELETE NOPROMPT FORCE ARCHIVELOG ALL COMPLETED BEFORE 'sysdate - 1';

}

exit;

EOF

##  rman删除三天前的备份（备库若每天做了备份，可选择性添加）

 delete archivelog all completed before 'sysdate-3';

 delete backupset completed before 'sysdate-3';

## 添加到计划与任务中

 crontab -l

1 3,17 * * *  sh /home/oracle/delete_archivelog.sh

##### 常发生的故障情况总结：

1.由于归档在主库保留时间太短，可能会导致多次查询Gap点scn并到旧备库拉增备传输到新备库进行恢复

此时常会导致二次增量恢复后数据文件头的scn不向前，停留在第一次增备状态。

解决方案：一次拉增备，尽量避免二次增备

2. incarnation号识别错误导致，备库无法找到备份集中正确的位置

## 主、备库上执行：

list incarnation;

## 重置备库incarnation号

reset database to incarnation 2;

原因：因为resetlogs以后重置了scn，数据库实体发生了变化，使用的实体编号是以前的，使用该备份集无法完成恢复，需将实体编号改回跟主库一致的情况就OK

3.拉取增备后传输新备库Rman 恢复报datafile1,3,4,7缺失

现象：

restore database;

Starting restore at 30-JUN-21

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=1326 device type=DISK

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_2

channel ORA_DISK_2: SID=2082 device type=DISK

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_3

channel ORA_DISK_3: SID=2460 device type=DISK

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_4

channel ORA_DISK_4: SID=2836 device type=DISK

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_5

channel ORA_DISK_5: SID=3 device type=DISK

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_6

channel ORA_DISK_6: SID=193 device type=DISK

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_7

channel ORA_DISK_7: SID=381 device type=DISK

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_8

channel ORA_DISK_8: SID=570 device type=DISK

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_9

channel ORA_DISK_9: SID=760 device type=DISK

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_10

channel ORA_DISK_10: SID=949 device type=DISK

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================

RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================

RMAN-03002: failure of restore command at 06/30/2021 15:50:06

RMAN-06026: some targets not found - aborting restore

RMAN-06023: no backup or copy of datafile 7 found to restore

RMAN-06023: no backup or copy of datafile 4 found to restore

RMAN-06023: no backup or copy of datafile 3 found to restore

RMAN-06023: no backup or copy of datafile 1 found to restore

## datafile 7,4,3,1 在备份集中经如下命令逐个查询，全有，但restore 报无法识别

RMAN>  list  backup of datafile 7 ;

List of Backup Sets

===================

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------

24759   Incr    1.62G      DISK        01:13:16     30-JUN-21

        BP Key: 25095   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: YES  Tag: TAG20210630T115

        Piece Name: /mnt/backup/incre_dir2/incre_hk02mqgg_1_1_ORCL

  List of Datafiles in backup set 24759

  File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time  Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name

  ---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----------- ------ ----

  7       Incr 50551234614 30-JUN-21 50552785159  NO    /u01/oradata/datafile/us

RMAN> list incarnation;

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

List of Database Incarnations

DB Key  Inc Key DB Name  DB ID            STATUS  Reset SCN  Reset Time

------- ------- -------- ---------------- --- ---------- ----------

1       1       ORCL     1513741333       PARENT  1          26-JAN-17

2       2       ORCL     1513741333       CURRENT 1408558    04-SEP-18

3       3       ORCL     1513741333       ORPHAN  21989683576 15-NOV-19

4       4       ORCL     1513741333       ORPHAN  21990161547 15-NOV-19

5       5       ORCL     1513741333       ORPHAN  21990380526 15-NOV-19

6       6       ORCL     1513741333       ORPHAN  21990478997 15-NOV-19

7       7       ORCL     1513741333       ORPHAN  21991031747 16-NOV-19

 incarnation 也与主库一致

解决方案：将全备和增备文件合并（catalog start with '/mnt/backup/'）后再执行restore

## 合并增量备份不用担心会导致重复全量恢复，Rman会自动跳过已restore的文件

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_8

channel ORA_DISK_8: SID=3 device type=DISK

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_9

channel ORA_DISK_9: SID=193 device type=DISK

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_10

channel ORA_DISK_10: SID=381 device type=DISK

skipping datafile 1; already restored to file /u01/oradata/datafile/system.293.985960459

skipping datafile 7; already restored to file /u01/oradata/datafile/users.296.985960529

skipping datafile 15; already restored to file /u01/oradata/datafile/efs_dat.346.985966197

skipping datafile 25; already restored to file /u01/oradata/datafile/loan_dat.357.985966745

skipping datafile 35; already restored to file /u01/oradata/datafile/etl_dat.547.987163079

skipping datafile 40; already restored to file /u01/oradata/datafile/cust_dat.555.986811747

skipping datafile 47; already restored to file /u01/oradata/datafile/newaas_dat.490.986813125

skipping datafile 58; already restored to file /u01/oradata/datafile/loan_dat.921.989062301

skipping datafile 72; already restored to file /u01/oradata/datafile/efs_dat.356.994861109

skipping datafile 76; already restored to file /u01/oradata/datafile/etl_dat.505.1000197047

skipping datafile 118; already restored to file /u01/oradata/datafile/efsw_dat.639.1054555063

skipping datafile 121; already restored to file /u01/oradata/datafile/efs_dat.1024.1059123051

skipping datafile 134; already restored to file /u01/oradata/datafile/efs_dat.1002.1060360853

skipping datafile 149; already restored to file /u01/oradata/datafile/efs_dat.987.1069265261

skipping datafile 159; already restored to file /u01/oradata/datafile/loan_index.977.10721793

 这里可以明显看到 datafile 1，3，4，7已在新备库中存在无需恢复。

channel ORA_DISK_4: restoring datafile 00099 to /u01/oradata/datafile/ORCLSTB2/datafile/o1_mf_efsw_dat_gwxdgv5c_.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_4: reading from backup piece /mnt/backupnew/2/full_0e0244jv_1_1_ORCL

channel ORA_DISK_5: starting datafile backup set restore

channel ORA_DISK_5: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set

channel ORA_DISK_5: restoring datafile 00080 to /u01/oradata/datafile/ORCLSTB2/datafile/o1_mf_efsw_dat_gwxc5m8x_.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_5: restoring datafile 00085 to /u01/oradata/datafile/ORCLSTB2/datafile/o1_mf_loan_ind_gktms1pq_.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_5: restoring datafile 00091 to /u01/oradata/datafile/ORCLSTB2/datafile/o1_mf_etl_dat2_gwq99n41_.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_5: reading from backup piece /mnt/backupnew/2/full_0d0244jv_1_1_ORCL

channel ORA_DISK_6: starting datafile backup set restore

channel ORA_DISK_6: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set

channel ORA_DISK_6: restoring datafile 00079 to /u01/oradata/datafile/ORCLSTB2/datafile/o1_mf_etl_dat_g7gd31rz_.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_6: restoring datafile 00098 to /u01/oradata/datafile/ORCLSTB2/datafile/o1_mf_efsw_dat_gwxddxdj_.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_6: restoring datafile 00104 to /u01/oradata/datafile/ORCLSTB2/datafile/o1_mf_efsw_dat_h3pzmksk_.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_6: restoring datafile 00105 to /u01/oradata/datafile/ORCLSTB2/datafile/o1_mf_ftp_dat_h4n8obgr_.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_6: restoring datafile 00106 to /u01/oradata/datafile/ORCLSTB2/datafile/o1_mf_etlw_dat_h8wvyfvz_.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_6: reading from backup piece /mnt/backupnew/2/full_0g0244jv_1_1_ORCL

channel ORA_DISK_7: starting datafile backup set restore

channel ORA_DISK_7: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set

channel ORA_DISK_7: restoring datafile 00081 to /u01/oradata/datafile/ORCLSTB2/datafile/o1_mf_efsw_dat_gwxclp2d_.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_7: restoring datafile 00086 to /u01/oradata/datafile/ORCLSTB2/datafile/o1_mf_efs_dat_grv97ohb_.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_7: restoring datafile 00092 to /u01/oradata/datafile/ORCLSTB2/datafile/o1_mf_etl_dat2_gwq9plfy_.dbf

 这里可以看到 Rman仅恢复基于Scn拉取的增量数据

4.控制文件中有太多旧的过期备份集记录，导致恢复时间太长

解决方案：做交叉校验，删除过期备份集

5.rman中删除过期备份集命令报错

## delete obsolete失效时，执行

report obsolete;

crosscheck archivelog all;

crosscheck backup;

allocate channel for maintenance type disk;

DELETE FORCE NOPROMPT OBSOLETE DEVICE TYPE DISK;

6.若nohup方式错误调用Rman，杀掉前端进程，后端仍旧在执行

## 查看运行的rman 进程

SELECT sid, spid, client_info 

 FROM v$process p, v$session s 

 WHERE p.addr = s.paddr

 AND client_info LIKE '%rman%';

## kill掉 spid号就好

############################ 仅做知识参考，本案例中未采用

## 注册归档日志脚本（当主备间归档未应用太多时）

#!/bin/bash

echo "" > /u01/arch/apply.sql

for i in {75..94}

do

echo "alter database register logfile '/u01/arch/old/1_${i}_996353475.arc';" >> /u01/arch/apply.sql

done

sqlplus / as sysdba<<EOF

@/u01/arch/apply.sql

exit

EOF

## backup format='/home/oracle/standby.ctl' as copy current controlfile for standby;    ## rman中制作standby控制文件的第三中命令方式

## alter database set standby database to maximize availability;

#########  怎样将ASM存储中的归档日志转化成平面文件，以便于拷出

## 怎样将ASM上的文件转换为平面拷贝出

create or replace directory source_dir as '+DATA/ORCL/ARCHIVELOG/';

create or replace directory dest_dir as '/mnt/backup/archivelog';

begin

    dbms_file_transfer.copy_file(

    source_directory_object => 'source_dir',

    source_file_name => 'thread_1_seq_287478.1010.1006490273',

    destination_directory_object => 'dest_dir',

    destination_file_name => 'thread_1_seq_287478'

    );

end;

/

#########  DUPLICATE TARGET 是最快、最省力的，不适用于本案例的极端场景。仅在环境允许时使用参考

主库执行 ：

添加TNS:

orcldg2 =

  (DESCRIPTION =

  (ADDRESS_LIST =

  (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.10.10.18)(PORT = 1521))

  ) 

 (CONNECT_DATA =

 (SERVICE_NAME = orcldg2)

 (UR=A)

 ) )

#!/bin/bash

sqlplus `sys/ as sysdba`>result.log<<EOF

alter system set log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(orcl,orcldg,orcldg2)';

alter system set log_archive_dest_3='SERVICE=orcldg2 LGWR ASYNC NOAFFIRM VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcldg2' scope=both sid='*';

alter system set log_archive_dest_state_3=enable;

alter system set standby_file_management='AUTO';

exit

EOF

## alter system set log_archive_max_processes=30 scope=both sid='*'; 填加提高并行度，加速，可根据情况选择性加

## RMAN>configure channel device type disk rate 1k ;  rman通道限速开关，不一定加

rman target sys/oracle@orcl auxiliary sys/oracle@orcldg2<<EOF

run{ 

DUPLICATE TARGET DATABASE  FOR STANDBY  FROM ACTIVE DATABASE;

} 

EOF

备库上执行：

sqlplus `sys/ as sysdba`>>result.log<<EOF

alter database recover managed standby database cancel;

alter database open read only;

alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;

exit

EOF

########################  万般皆下品，唯有duplicate target 方式最Easy！  哈哈哈！