EAST( An Efficient and Accurate Scene Text Detector)是标题的英文首字母缩写,模型出自旷视科技。相比其他几种场景文字检测模型,表现开挂。在ICDAR 2015数据集上表现优异,见下图:
可以看到红色点标记EAST模型的速度与性能超过之前的模型。EAST模型是一个全卷积神经网络(FCN)它会预测每个像素是否是TEXT或者WORDS,对比之前的一些卷积神经网络剔除了区域候选、文本格式化等操作,简洁明了,后续操作只需要根据阈值进行过滤以及通过非最大抑制(NMS)得到最终的文本区域即可,EAST模型结构如下:
其中stem网络是一个基于ImageNet预训练的卷积神经网络(CNN)比如VGG-16,剩下的分别是通过卷积不断降低尺度大小,再通过不同层的反卷积进行合并,这个有点像UNet图像分割网络,最后输出层,通过1x1的卷积分别得到score、RBOX、QUAD,输出参数的解释如下:
OpenCV4.0 的深度神经网络(DNN)模块能力大大加强,不仅支持常见的图像分类、对象检测、图像分割网络,还实现了自定义层与通用网络模型支持,同时提供了非最大抑制相关API支持,使用起来十分方便。EAST模型的tensorflow代码实现参见如下:
https://github.com/argman/EAST
下载预训练模型,生成pb文件,OpenCV DNN中导入tensorflow模型的API如下:
Net cv::dnn::readNet(
const String & model,
const String & config = "",
const String & framework = ""
)
model表示模型路径
config表示配置文件,缺省为空
framework表示框架,缺省为空,根据导入模型自己决定
OpenCV DNN已经实现非最大抑制算法,支持的API调用如下:
void cv::dnn::NMSBoxes(
const std::vector< Rect > & bboxes,
const std::vector< float > & scores,
const float score_threshold,
const float nms_threshold,
std::vector< int > & indices,
const float eta = 1.f,
const int top_k = 0
)
Bboxes表示输入的boxes
Score表示每个box得分
score_threshold表示score的阈值
nms_threshold表示非最大抑制阈值
indices表示输出的结果,是每个box的索引index数组
eta表示自适应的阈值nms阈值方式
top_k表示前多少个,为0表示忽略
首先加载模型,然后打开摄像头,完成实时检测,C++的代码如下:
#include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>>
#include <opencv2/dnn.hpp>
using namespace cv;
using namespace cv::dnn;
void decode(const Mat& scores, const Mat& geometry, float scoreThresh,
std::vector<RotatedRect>& detections, std::vector<float>& confidences);
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
float confThreshold = 0.5;
float nmsThreshold = 0.4;
int inpWidth = 320;
int inpHeight = 320;
String model = "D:/python/cv_demo/ocr_demo/frozen_east_text_detection.pb";
// Load network.
Net net = readNet(model);
// Open a camera stream.
VideoCapture cap(0);
static const std::string kWinName = "EAST: An Efficient and Accurate Scene Text Detector";
namedWindow(kWinName, WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);
std::vector<Mat> outs;
std::vector<String> outNames(2);
outNames[0] = "feature_fusion/Conv_7/Sigmoid";
outNames[1] = "feature_fusion/concat_3";
Mat frame, blob;
while (waitKey(1) < 0)
{
cap >> frame;
if (frame.empty())
{
waitKey();
break;
}
blobFromImage(frame, blob, 1.0, Size(inpWidth, inpHeight), Scalar(123.68, 116.78, 103.94), true, false);
net.setInput(blob);
net.forward(outs, outNames);
Mat scores = outs[0];
Mat geometry = outs[1];
// Decode predicted bounding boxes.
std::vector<RotatedRect> boxes;
std::vector<float> confidences;
decode(scores, geometry, confThreshold, boxes, confidences);
// Apply non-maximum suppression procedure.
std::vector<int> indices;
NMSBoxes(boxes, confidences, confThreshold, nmsThreshold, indices);
// Render detections.
Point2f ratio((float)frame.cols / inpWidth, (float)frame.rows / inpHeight);
for (size_t i = 0; i < indices.size(); ++i)
{
RotatedRect& box = boxes[indices[i]];
Point2f vertices[4];
box.points(vertices);
for (int j = 0; j < 4; ++j)
{
vertices[j].x *= ratio.x;
vertices[j].y *= ratio.y;
}
for (int j = 0; j < 4; ++j)
line(frame, vertices[j], vertices[(j + 1) % 4], Scalar(0, 255, 0), 1);
}
// Put efficiency information.
std::vector<double> layersTimes;
double freq = getTickFrequency() / 1000;
double t = net.getPerfProfile(layersTimes) / freq;
std::string label = format("Inference time: %.2f ms", t);
putText(frame, label, Point(0, 15), FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, 0.5, Scalar(0, 255, 0));
imshow(kWinName, frame);
}
return 0;
}
void decode(const Mat& scores, const Mat& geometry, float scoreThresh,
std::vector<RotatedRect>& detections, std::vector<float>& confidences)
{
detections.clear();
CV_Assert(scores.dims == 4); CV_Assert(geometry.dims == 4); CV_Assert(scores.size[0] == 1);
CV_Assert(geometry.size[0] == 1); CV_Assert(scores.size[1] == 1); CV_Assert(geometry.size[1] == 5);
CV_Assert(scores.size[2] == geometry.size[2]); CV_Assert(scores.size[3] == geometry.size[3]);
const int height = scores.size[2];
const int width = scores.size[3];
for (int y = 0; y < height; ++y)
{
const float* scoresData = scores.ptr<float>(0, 0, y);
const float* x0_data = geometry.ptr<float>(0, 0, y);
const float* x1_data = geometry.ptr<float>(0, 1, y);
const float* x2_data = geometry.ptr<float>(0, 2, y);
const float* x3_data = geometry.ptr<float>(0, 3, y);
const float* anglesData = geometry.ptr<float>(0, 4, y);
for (int x = 0; x < width; ++x)
{
float score = scoresData[x];
if (score < scoreThresh)
continue;
// Decode a prediction.
// Multiple by 4 because feature maps are 4 time less than input image.
float offsetX = x * 4.0f, offsetY = y * 4.0f;
float angle = anglesData[x];
float cosA = std::cos(angle);
float sinA = std::sin(angle);
float h = x0_data[x] + x2_data[x];
float w = x1_data[x] + x3_data[x];
Point2f offset(offsetX + cosA * x1_data[x] + sinA * x2_data[x],
offsetY - sinA * x1_data[x] + cosA * x2_data[x]);
Point2f p1 = Point2f(-sinA * h, -cosA * h) + offset;
Point2f p3 = Point2f(-cosA * w, sinA * w) + offset;
RotatedRect r(0.5f * (p1 + p3), Size2f(w, h), -angle * 180.0f / (float)CV_PI);
detections.push_back(r);
confidences.push_back(score);
}
}
}
python的代码实现如下:
if __name__ == "__main__":
text_detector = TextAreaDetector("D:/python/cv_demo/ocr_demo/frozen_east_text_detection.pb")
frame = cv.imread("D:/txt.png")
start = time.time()
text_detector.detect(frame)
end = time.time()
print("[INFO] text detection took {:.4f} seconds".format(end - start))
# show the output image
cv.imshow("Text Detection", frame)
cv.waitKey(0)
cap = cv.VideoCapture(0)
while True:
ret, frame = cap.read()
if ret is not True:
break
text_detector.detect(frame)
cv.imshow("east text detect demo", frame)
c = cv.waitKey(5)
if c == 27:
break
cv.destroyAllWindows()
图书封面 – 图像检测
视频场景中文字检测
手写文本检测