Mike Cohn：Scrum团队需要Scrum Master吗？

Scrum团队需要Scrum Master吗?

是的。

我们经常把一个团队的Scrum Master比作运动队的教练。Scrum Master履行部分敏捷教练的职能。

一支运动队没有教练能发挥出最佳水平吗?

这是有可能的。比如说一个球员同时充当教练的角色。

篮球是我最喜欢的运动，也是我最熟悉的运动。NBA历史上只有比尔·拉塞尔(Bill Russell)同时充当球员和教练并获得过总冠军，他在1968年和1969年都做到了。

拉塞尔是一个杰出的球员，在13年的职业生涯中赢得了11个总冠军。

有趣的是，没有一个NBA球员教练被提名为年度最佳教练。

运动队(至少是篮球队)需要教练。篮球的历史比Scrum要长得多。而且更容易确定冠军级别的球队。我认为篮球和一般的体育教练可以教给我们关于Scrum master的两件事:

— Scrum团队需要Scrum Master

— 当Scrum Master不是团队成员时，团队会做得最好

我对第一个结论很有信心。第二点就不是那么绝对。我看到很多优秀的Scrum Master也是团队成员。

如果身兼二职的Scrum Master/dev变成专职Scrum Master的话，这些团队会更好吗?

非常可能。

但是对于许多团队和组织来说，这在经济上是不现实的。

这些球队会赢得冠军吗?也许不能。但在其他约束条件下，他们是否做到了最好?非常可能。

所以，是的，我认为Scrum团队确实需要Scrum Master，但是即使Scrum Master在团队中扮演Scrum Master/dev双重角色，敏捷仍然有可能成功，

迈克

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Does a Scrum team need a Scrum Master?

Yes.

We often compare a team's Scrum Master to the coach of a sports team. We even see that as part of the agile lexicon in the term agile coach.

Can a sports team perform its best without a coach?

Not really. The closest sports teams come to not having a coach is when a team has someone in the dual role of player/coach.

Basketball is my favorite sport, and so is the one I'm most familiar with. The only player/coach in NBA history to win a championship in that role is Bill Russell, who did it in 1968 and 1969.

Russell was an exceptional player who won 11 championships in a 13-year career.

Interestingly, no NBA player-coach has ever been named coach of the year.

Since sports teams (at least basketball teams) need a coach, that tells me two things:

Basketball has been around a lot longer than Scrum. And it's easier to identify championship-caliber teams. I think basketball, and sports coaches in general, can teach us two things about Scrum Masters:

A Scrum team needs a Scrum Master

A team will do best when that Scrum Master is not also a team member

I'm confident in the first conclusion. I'm a bit less so in the second. I see plenty of great Scrum Masters who are also team members.

Would those teams be better if their combo Scrum Master/dev team member could be just a Scrum Master?

Very possibly.

But for many teams and organizations that just is not an economic reality.

Would these teams win a championship? Perhaps not. But are they doing the absolute best they can given all other constraints? Very possibly.

So, yes, I think a Scrum team does need a Scrum Master, but even if the Scrum Master does double duty in another role on the team, it is still possible to succeed with agile,

Mike