如何加速获取信息又不损失理解力？

你好呀，我是良哥。

今天的文章来自大佬Tim Ferris，请阁下细细品尝。

1、用1分钟时间按你平时的速度读，测量你每分钟读多少字；

2、利用余光。从缩进的地方开始读，读到结束的缩进处，读5到10页；

3、然后把页边距增加到第三个字的位置

4、控制视线追踪。用手指来控制你的眼睛从一行的开头往回移动。

5、在5分钟内，读快一点，即使丢失10%的理解也没关系

6、重新测试每分钟字数，使用辅助工具和页边距，但要确保100%理解

双语视频@铁锤人

Greetings, folks, Tim Ferriss, here, author of 4 hour workweek, tools of titans, et cetera. I think a lot about ingesting Information and sounds so sexy, doesn't it? Learning. How do you speed up the consumption of say, text? If you want to read faster? How do you do that without succumbing to some pseudoscience? Nonsense about speed reading. There's a lot of garbage out there. But how can you improve your ability to absorb written Information without sacrificing comprehension? There are some very straightforward ways to do it.

各位好，我是蒂姆·费里斯，写过《每周工作4小时》《巨人的工具》等书。我特别爱思考怎么获取信息，这事儿听起来是不是挺吸引人？不就是学习而已嘛。比如你想提高阅读速度，那该怎么办呢？可别被那些快速阅读的伪科学忽悠了，市面上这方面的垃圾信息太多了。那怎样才能在不降低理解力的前提下，提升对文字信息的吸收能力呢？其实，一些很简单的方法就可以做到。

I'm gonna show you that right now, and I will use these two books to demonstrate. So these are fiction and nonfiction respectively how to get filthy rich in rising Asia. One of my favorites recent fiction books, which I generally don't try to read super quickly, but these books are the same size. So I'll show you then Vagabonding which is one of my faves has been since 2004.

我现在就就给大家讲讲，用这两本书来举例。一本是小说，一本是非小说，就是这本《亚洲崛起中的致富之路》。这是我最近挺喜欢的一本小说，平时我不会特意去速读，不过这两本书大小一样。再给你们瞧瞧这本《Vagabonding》，从2004年开始就一直是我最爱的书之一。

Let's take just for the sake of simplicity, and I would recommend you do the same a book that has fairly standardized formatting. In other words, there aren't a lot of bullet lists. There aren't a lot of graphs. It's mostly text. Since we can only manage what we can measure. Step number one is figuring out roughly how many words per page are on. This particular, say, spread, right? And then throughout the book, so you're going to go through and you're going to count, say, on a page like this, the number of words in ten lines. So you come up with a total, divide it by ten. That's your average number of words per line. And then you can see here, most books have a consistent number of lines per page. You multiply that. Let's just say it's 30. You have an average of ten words per line. That's 300 words per page. Great. Easy enough. What we want to do next is establish your baseline. So you're going to read for 1 minute. You're going to be focusing on reading at your normal speed.

为了方便理解，我们就拿一本排版比较规范的书来讲解，我也建议你们这么做。也就是说，这本书里没有太多项目符号列表，也没有太多图表，主要是文字。毕竟我们只能管理能衡量的东西。第一步就是大致算算每页有多少字。比如，这一页双页展示的部分，对吧？然后整本书都是这样，所以你要翻一翻，数一数，像这样一页上，十行里有多少字。算出总数，除以十，这就是你每行平均的字数。然后你可以看到，大部分书每页的行数都比较固定。把这个数乘一下。假设是30行，每行平均10个字，那就是每页300字。很好，挺简单的。接下来咱们要确定一下你的基准水平。你要用正常的速度读1分钟。

Now you have an experimental or observer effect. So it might be slightly off, but that's all right. You're going to read for 1 minute. And I then you're going to do the math and multiply it out and figure out how many words roughly have I read. That is your words per minute rate, wpm what we do should help double or triple that without too much trouble.

就像有时候做实验或者有人盯着你做事时产生的效果，结果可能会有点不太准，但没关系，你就读1分钟，然后算一下，大概读了多少字。这就是你每分钟能读多少字的速度。我们接下来要做的这些事儿，应该能让你的阅读速度不用太费劲就能翻个一两倍。

Right now, I'll do demo before we go into how to mess with your book. If you look at, say, my nose, all right, in this video, can you still see my finger? You can. Can you still see my finger over here? You can. That is your peripheral vision, even if your fixation point, if your primary point of focus is right here, when we read most of us. When we were taught to read, we read word by word, so we go from the furthermost left word to the furthermost right word and so on. Seems logical.

我现在先给大家做个演示，等会儿再讲怎么“折腾”你的书。比如你看，比如说，我的鼻子，在这个视频里，你还能看到我的手指吗？能看到。你还能看到这边的手指吗？也能看到。这就是你的余光视线，即使你的注视点，也就是你主要关注的点是在这里，我们大多数人读书的时候，我们被教会的读书方法是逐字阅读，所以我们从最左边的字读到最右边的字，然后依次类推。好像挺对头似的。

The problem with that is you're not using any of this space or the margins. The way that you then remedy that is by drawing lines on some pages. I would suggest you indent one word from either side. What that might look like is something like this. Now you have lines going down either side of the page. And instead of starting all the way to the left, you're gonna start at this line, and then you're gonna end at that line so much, like a say, typewriter with a return, carriage going down.

问题在于你没有利用空白区域或者页边距。解决这个问题的方法是在一些页面上画线。我建议你从每边往里缩进一个字。这样可能看起来就像这样。现在页面的两边都有了线。然后你不要从最左边开始，而是从这条线开始，再在这条线结束，就像老式打字机，打完一行就往下移一样。

You're now going to be zigzagging just as you would normally. But the parameters or the boundaries have been moved in by a word, you will not have any trouble reading and you should still have full comprehension. If you do this for, say, 5 to 10 pages, then if you're not having any trouble whatsoever, you can indent by another word. And you can either use lines or you can spitball it. You can estimate it. By doing this alone just that you can train yourself to get to the point where effectively you are very much focusing on the middle third of the page. And you're just dotting down the page, left to right, and that in and of itself could easily double your reading speed without sacrificing comprehension.

你现在就像平时一样呈之字形阅读，不过边界往里面缩进了一个字，你读起来不会有问题，也能完全看懂。比如你这样读个5到10页，要是觉得一点困难都没有，就可以再往里缩进一个字。你可以画线，也可以大概估摸着来。光靠这样做，就能训练自己把注意力主要放在书页中间三分之一的地方，就像在书页上从左到右一路点下来一样，这样很可能就能让你的阅读速度翻倍，还不耽误理解。

The next observation, just mechanically, that can be very helpful, is that the eye doesn't track in a clean, smooth line when you are, say, glancing from left to right. So if you want to do a test, close one eye. You put a finger on that eye and then slowly track across the wall on the opposite side. And what you'll notice is that the eye jumps, right? And these are, I believe, owner actually heard this set. I've only read it 1 million times cicadic movements. The eye will jump from fixation point to fixation point. You can see this with retina scanning and eye tracking, which i've seen a fair amount of just in psychological studies. I've been an experimenter and a subject, both at Princeton where I did stuff actually in the lab of Danny condom, who wrote thinking fast and slow, incredible scientist, but I was just clicking space bars looking at stuff on the screen.

再给你们说个有用的小窍门，就是从简单机械的角度讲，你的眼睛在快速看东西，比如从左往右瞄时，不是直直地、平平稳稳地扫过去的。你可以试试，闭上一只眼，用手按着，然后慢慢看对面的墙。你会发现眼睛是跳着看的。这有个专门的词，叫视动性运动，我听人说过好多回了。用视网膜扫描和眼动追踪就能看到这个现象，我在心理学研究里见过好多次呢。我在普林斯顿大学做过实验，也当过被试，就在丹尼·卡尼曼的实验室里，他写了本《思考，快与慢》，是个很牛的科学家。我那时候就是按空格键，盯着屏幕看东西。

And then at UCSF and other places, how do we utilize that? What that means is when you're looking at a given page, your eye isn't moving smoothly across each line. It's fixation. So the less that we can regress, meaning bounce back or bounce up, you want to stay on that reliable forward path. The fewer fixation points we have. It's just a math problem, the less time we're going to spend reading each page.

就像在加州大学旧金山分校他们研究的那样，我们该怎么用这个小窍门呢？就是说你看书的时候，眼睛不是在每一行里顺顺当当地滑过去，而是会盯着一些地方看。所以我们得尽量少让眼睛来回跳，就是别让眼睛往回跳或者往上面跳，要尽量保持一直往前看。看的时候盯的点越少，这就跟算数学题似的，看每一页用的时间就越少。

So what does this mean? This means that thus far, we've just been looking at the page and reading. What we're going to do now is use a pacer, so you could use your finger. Now, you are actually going to track with your finger trace underneath the line like so, and try to think of two fixation points per line for your eye. But this will keep you from bouncing up to previously read material. We've all had the experience of being really sleepy, say. And feeling like you've read the same 2 lines 5 or 6 times. This is partially because your eyes are tired and you end up back skipping and jumping all over the place.

这到底是什么意思呢？到现在为止，我们就是单纯地看书和读。接下来我们要做的，就是用个小工具来帮忙，你可以用手指头。现在，你要用手指沿着字的下面这么划拉，就像这样，并且尽量让你的眼睛每行看两个点。这样就能防止你跳回到之前看过的那些内容。我们都有过这种经历，比如特别困的时候，感觉自己好像把同样的两行反复读了好多次。这主要是因为眼睛太累了，就会到处乱跳，往回跳。

All right? So then you use your your marker, your pacer to move down the page. And the last test I would have you run or experiment prior to re measurement. Let's say you do that for 10 minutes. ''You've moved in the boundaries, the edges of the page, so to speak where you stop and go to the next line. And then you're minimizing the number of fixation, and you're preventing back skipping by using Pacers.

明白了吗？接着你就用你的小工具，比如手指之类的，顺着书页往下移。在我让你再次测量之前，让你做的最后一个测试或实验是，假设你这么做10分钟。就是说你改变了书页的边界，也就是你读完一行换下一行的那个地方。然后你通过用这个小工具，来减少眼睛停留的点，还防止眼睛往回跳。

The next thing you're going to do is say for 5 minutes is to read slightly faster than your comprehension allows. So you want to get to the point where you're losing, maybe 10%. And the effect that we're looking for is reseting your comfort set point in reading at full comprehension. In other words, if you're used to always driving at 30 miles an hour, then you get to the point where you're on a highway say I was just in Texas and it was speed limit 80 miles an hour. Does that feel fast? And suddenly you feel like you're operating at very high speed? You then dial back when you go into, say, a 55 zone, it feels like 30. Right? You've adapted to the faster speed. So for 5 minutes, just practice reading with slight comprehension loss a little bit faster than is comfortable.

接下来你要做的就是，在5分钟内，读书的速度要比你能完全看懂的速度稍微快一点。就是说，你要让自己大概有10%的内容没那么理解。我们想达到的效果就是，改变你在完全能看懂的情况下读书的那个“舒适区”。就好比说，你平时开车总是开30迈，然后突然上了高速，比如我在德克萨斯州的时候，高速上限速80迈。那时候你会不会觉得开得好快呀？然后当你再开到限速55迈的地方，就会感觉跟开30迈似的。对吧？因为你已经习惯了快的速度。所以这5分钟，你就练着比平时稍微快一点、有点看不懂的速度来读书。

And then what I want you to do is retest your word per minute rates. And now you're going to use the bumping in from either side. You're going to use the pacer. And I want you to make sure that you have full comprehension. And in doing that, I would wager that the vast majority of you are probably close to 100%. If you followed all these instructions, will have at least improved your reading speed by 50%. Some of you will double, triple, quadruple your reading speed without sacrificing comprehension, no voodoo, no magic involved. It's just understanding the mechanics of the eye, a little bit about optical perception, and then recognizing how you can optimize that for the printed page. That's it.

然后我让你做的事儿是，再测测你现在每分钟能读多少字。这次你要从两边往中间读，用上之前说的小工具，比如手指之类的来帮忙，还得确保你都能看懂读的内容。我猜啊，要是你们都按我说的这些方法做了，大部分人都能差不多全看懂。而且你们的阅读速度最少也能提高一半，有的人能翻倍、两倍、三倍地提高阅读速度，还不耽误理解，这里面没有啥稀奇古怪、神神秘秘的东西，就是弄明白眼睛是怎么回事，了解点视觉感知的知识，然后知道怎么把这些用到书本上，就这么简单。

So congratulations. You've probably double or tripled your reading speed. And for poetry, for fiction, you can always read slower, but now that you have a Ferrari, instead of a Hugo, you can choose from a wider range of speeds. It have fun reading. I recommend both how to get filthy rich and rising Asia and vagabondage. Among many others, there's a world out there to explore us all that you get to it. If you enjoy this video, I want to propose you check out the pod cast. The Tim Ferriss show why has it been number one on iTunes across all categories in some cases, number one in business. Why does it have 70 million plus downloads? Because I interview world class performers from athletics business that includes billionaires from everything imaginable entertainment to tease out the routines, the habits, the tools that you can use. So checking out the Tim Ferriss show.

恭喜啊。你的阅读速度估计都翻倍甚至翻两三倍了。看诗歌、小说啥的，你可以慢慢看，但现在你有了法拉利，不再是普普通通的车了，你可以根据自己的需要调整阅读速度。好好享受阅读的乐趣吧。我推荐你看看《 Get filthy rich and rising Asia》《vagabondage》这些书，还有很多其他好书等着咱们去探索呢，希望你也能去发现它们。如果你喜欢这个视频，我建议你去听听《The Tim Ferriss show》这个播客。为啥它能在iTunes所有分类里都排第一，有些时候在商业类还排第一呢？为啥它的下载量能超过7000万呢？因为我采访的都是体育、商业等各领域的顶尖人物，有亿万富翁，也有娱乐行业的各种大腕，就是为了找出那些你能用的日常习惯、工具啥的。所以，快去听听《The Tim Ferriss show》吧。

By: Tim Ferris

翻译：良哥

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