pandas.io.sql.DatabaseError：'：未在字符串格式化期间转换所有参数Python pandas SQL错误

import pandas as pd
import sqlite3

# 创建一个示例数据库连接
conn = sqlite3.connect('example.db')

# 示例数据
data = {
    'id': [1, 2, 3],
    'name': ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']
}

# 创建 DataFrame
df = pd.DataFrame(data)

# 将 DataFrame 写入数据库
df.to_sql('users', conn, if_exists='replace', index=False)

# 正确的 SQL 查询示例
query = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = ?"
params = (1,)
result = pd.read_sql_query(query, conn, params=params)
print(result)

# 错误的 SQL 查询示例（参数类型不匹配）
query_wrong_type = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = ?"
params_wrong_type = ('1',)
try:
    result_wrong_type = pd.read_sql_query(query_wrong_type, conn, params=params_wrong_type)
except pd.io.sql.DatabaseError as e:
    print(f"Error: {e}")

# 错误的 SQL 查询示例（参数数量不正确）
query_wrong_count = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = ? AND name = ?"
params_wrong_count = (1,)
try:
    result_wrong_count = pd.read_sql_query(query_wrong_count, conn, params=params_wrong_count)
except pd.io.sql.DatabaseError as e:
    print(f"Error: {e}")

# 关闭数据库连接
conn.close()