MySQL中间件分库是一种数据库架构设计,用于解决单个MySQL数据库实例在高并发、大数据量场景下的性能瓶颈问题。中间件负责将请求路由到不同的数据库实例上,实现数据的水平拆分,从而提升系统的整体性能和可扩展性。
以下是一个简单的基于客户端的分库示例代码(使用Java和ShardingSphere):
import org.apache.shardingsphere.api.config.sharding.ShardingRuleConfiguration;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.api.config.sharding.TableRuleConfiguration;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.shardingjdbc.api.ShardingDataSourceFactory;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Properties;
public class ShardingExample {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// 配置分库规则
ShardingRuleConfiguration shardingRuleConfig = new ShardingRuleConfiguration();
TableRuleConfiguration tableRuleConfig = new TableRuleConfiguration("t_order", "ds${0..1}.t_order${0..1}");
tableRuleConfig.setDatabaseShardingStrategyConfig(new InlineShardingStrategyConfiguration("user_id", "ds${user_id % 2}"));
tableRuleConfig.setTableShardingStrategyConfig(new InlineShardingStrategyConfiguration("order_id", "t_order${order_id % 2}"));
shardingRuleConfig.getTableRuleConfigs().add(tableRuleConfig);
// 创建数据源
Properties properties = new Properties();
properties.setProperty("sql.show", "true");
DataSource dataSource = ShardingDataSourceFactory.createDataSource(createDataSourceMap(), shardingRuleConfig, properties);
// 执行查询
try (Connection conn = dataSource.getConnection();
Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery("SELECT * FROM t_order WHERE user_id = 1")) {
while (rs.next()) {
System.out.println(rs.getString("order_id"));
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
private static Map<String, DataSource> createDataSourceMap() {
Map<String, DataSource> result = new HashMap<>();
result.put("ds0", createDataSource("ds0"));
result.put("ds1", createDataSource("ds1"));
return result;
}
private static DataSource createDataSource(final String dataSourceName) {
// 创建数据源的逻辑(如使用HikariCP等)
// ...
return null; // 替换为实际的数据源实例
}
}
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