MySQL表级读写分离是一种数据库架构优化策略,旨在提高数据库系统的性能和可用性。在这种架构中,主数据库(Master)负责处理写操作(如INSERT、UPDATE、DELETE),而从数据库(Slave)则负责处理读操作(如SELECT)。通过将读写操作分离到不同的数据库实例上,可以有效减轻主数据库的压力,提高系统的整体性能。
原因:由于从数据库需要从主数据库同步数据,可能会出现数据延迟的情况。
解决方法:
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit
和sync_binlog
,以减少数据同步的延迟。原因:在读写分离架构中,由于数据同步的延迟,可能会出现读取到旧数据的情况。
解决方法:
以下是一个简单的基于SQL语句的读写分离示例,使用Python和mysql-connector-python
库:
import mysql.connector
from mysql.connector import pooling
# 创建连接池
dbconfig = {
"host": "master_host",
"user": "user",
"password": "password",
"database": "database"
}
master_pool = mysql.connector.pooling.MySQLConnectionPool(pool_name="master_pool", pool_size=5, **dbconfig)
dbconfig_slave = {
"host": "slave_host",
"user": "user",
"password": "password",
"database": "database"
}
slave_pool = mysql.connector.pooling.MySQLConnectionPool(pool_name="slave_pool", pool_size=5, **dbconfig_slave)
def execute_query(query, params=None, read_only=False):
try:
if read_only:
conn = slave_pool.get_connection()
else:
conn = master_pool.get_connection()
cursor = conn.cursor()
cursor.execute(query, params)
result = cursor.fetchall()
cursor.close()
conn.commit()
return result
except mysql.connector.Error as err:
print(f"Error: {err}")
finally:
if conn.is_connected():
conn.close()
# 示例查询
read_only_query = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = %s"
write_query = "UPDATE users SET name = %s WHERE id = %s"
# 读取操作
result = execute_query(read_only_query, (1,), read_only=True)
print(result)
# 写入操作
execute_query(write_query, ("new_name", 1))
领取专属 10元无门槛券
手把手带您无忧上云