批量域名下载通常指的是从一个或多个数据源中一次性获取大量域名的过程。这在很多场景下都非常有用,比如域名市场分析、竞争对手分析、SEO优化等。
问题:调用API时可能会遇到速率限制或配额限制。
原因:大多数API都有防止滥用的机制,限制了单位时间内的请求次数。
解决方案:
import requests
import time
def fetch_domains(api_url, params):
headers = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0'}
response = requests.get(api_url, headers=headers, params=params)
if response.status_code == 200:
return response.json()
else:
print(f"Error: {response.status_code}")
return None
def batch_fetch_domains(api_url, params_list, delay=1):
domains = []
for params in params_list:
result = fetch_domains(api_url, params)
if result:
domains.extend(result['domains'])
time.sleep(delay) # 延迟以避免速率限制
return domains
# 示例API URL和参数列表
api_url = "https://example.com/api/domains"
params_list = [
{'keyword': 'tech', 'limit': 10},
{'keyword': 'startup', 'limit': 10}
]
domains = batch_fetch_domains(api_url, params_list)
print(domains)
问题:网页抓取时可能会遇到反爬虫机制,如验证码、IP封禁等。
原因:网站为了保护数据不被滥用,通常会设置反爬虫机制。
解决方案:
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import random
def fetch_page(url):
headers = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0'}
response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
if response.status_code == 200:
return response.text
else:
print(f"Error: {response.status_code}")
return None
def extract_domains(html):
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'html.parser')
domains = []
for link in soup.find_all('a'):
href = link.get('href')
if href and 'http' in href:
domain = href.split('//')[1].split('/')[0]
domains.append(domain)
return domains
def batch_fetch_domains(urls):
domains = []
for url in urls:
html = fetch_page(url)
if html:
domains.extend(extract_domains(html))
time.sleep(random.uniform(1, 3)) # 随机延迟
return domains
# 示例URL列表
urls = [
"https://example.com/domains/page1",
"https://example.com/domains/page2"
]
domains = batch_fetch_domains(urls)
print(domains)
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