我如何以编程方式将多个图像合并为一个？

from PIL import Image

def merge_images(image_list):
    images = [Image.open(image) for image in image_list]
    widths, heights = zip(*(i.size for i in images))
    max_width = max(widths)
    total_height = sum(heights)
    new_im = Image.new('RGB', (max_width, total_height))
    y_offset = 0
    for im in images:
        new_im.paste(im, (0, y_offset))
        y_offset += im.size[1]
    return new_im

image_list = ['image1.jpg', 'image2.jpg', 'image3.jpg']
merged_image = merge_images(image_list)
merged_image.save('merged_image.jpg')

function mergeImages(imageURLs, canvas) {
    const ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');
    let height = 0;

    imageURLs.forEach((url, index) => {
        const image = new Image();
        image.src = url;
        image.onload = () => {
            canvas.width = Math.max(canvas.width, image.width);
            ctx.drawImage(image, 0, height);
            height += image.height;
            if (index === imageURLs.length - 1) {
                // All images have been drawn
                console.log(canvas.toDataURL());
            }
        };
    });
}

const imageURLs = ['image1.jpg', 'image2.jpg', 'image3.jpg'];
const canvas = document.createElement('canvas');
mergeImages(imageURLs, canvas);

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class ImageMerger {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        List<String> imagePaths = new ArrayList<>();
        imagePaths.add("image1.jpg");
        imagePaths.add("image2.jpg");
        imagePaths.add("image3.jpg");

        BufferedImage mergedImage = mergeImages(imagePaths);
        ImageIO.write(mergedImage, "jpg", new File("merged_image.jpg"));
    }

    public static BufferedImage mergeImages(List<String> imagePaths) throws IOException {
        int width = 0;
        int height = 0;
        BufferedImage mergedImage = null;

        for (String imagePath : imagePaths) {
            BufferedImage image = ImageIO.read(new File(imagePath));
            width = Math.max(width, image.getWidth());
            height += image.getHeight();
            if (mergedImage == null) {
                mergedImage = new BufferedImage(width, height, image.getType());
            }
            Graphics2D graphics = mergedImage.createGraphics();
            graphics.drawImage(image, 0, height - image.getHeight(), null);
            graphics.dispose();
        }

        return mergedImage;
    }
}