如何扁平化嵌套的python字典？

def flatten_dict(dictionary, parent_key='', sep='.'):
    flattened_dict = {}
    for key, value in dictionary.items():
        new_key = parent_key + sep + key if parent_key else key
        if isinstance(value, dict):
            flattened_dict.update(flatten_dict(value, new_key, sep=sep))
        else:
            flattened_dict[new_key] = value
    return flattened_dict

# 示例字典
nested_dict = {
    'a': 1,
    'b': {
        'c': 2,
        'd': {
            'e': 3
        }
    }
}

# 调用flatten_dict函数进行扁平化
flattened_dict = flatten_dict(nested_dict)

# 输出结果
print(flattened_dict)

{
    'a': 1,
    'b.c': 2,
    'b.d.e': 3
}

def flatten_dict(dictionary):
    flattened_dict = {}
    stack = [((), dictionary)]
    while stack:
        path, current = stack.pop()
        for key, value in current.items():
            if isinstance(value, dict):
                if value:
                    stack.append((path + (key,), value))
                else:
                    flattened_dict[".".join((path + (key,)))] = {}
            else:
                flattened_dict[".".join((path + (key,)))] = value
    return flattened_dict

# 示例字典
nested_dict = {
    'a': 1,
    'b': {
        'c': 2,
        'd': {
            'e': 3
        }
    }
}

# 调用flatten_dict函数进行扁平化
flattened_dict = flatten_dict(nested_dict)

# 输出结果
print(flattened_dict)

{
    'a': 1,
    'b.c': 2,
    'b.d.e': 3
}