如何在C++代码中避免使用dynamic_cast？

class Base {
public:
    virtual void foo() {
        // ...
    }
};

class Derived : public Base {
public:
    void foo() override {
        // ...
    }
};

Base* pBase = new Derived();
pBase->foo(); // 调用派生类的foo函数

template<typename T, typename U>
void foo(T* p, U* q) {
    static_assert(std::is_same<T, U>::value, "Types must be the same");
    // ...
}

Base* pBase = new Derived();
if (typeid(*pBase) == typeid(Derived)) {
    // ...
}

template<typename T>
void foo(T* p) {
    // ...
}

Derived* pDerived = new Derived();
foo(pDerived); // 调用特定类型的foo函数