如何在.net Core3.1中的依赖注入设置之外将证书添加到IHttpClientFactory httpclient？

在.NET Core 3.1中，可以通过以下步骤将证书添加到IHttpClientFactory的HttpClient中，以实现依赖注入设置之外的配置：

首先，将证书文件（.pfx或.pem格式）添加到项目中，并确保其已嵌入到程序集中。
在Startup.cs文件中的ConfigureServices方法中，注册IHttpClientFactory服务，并配置HttpClient的Handler以添加证书。示例代码如下：

using System.Net.Http;
using System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates;

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
    // 注册IHttpClientFactory服务
    services.AddHttpClient();

    // 获取证书文件的字节数组
    byte[] certBytes = GetCertificateBytes();

    // 创建X509证书对象
    X509Certificate2 certificate = new X509Certificate2(certBytes, "certificate_password");

    // 创建HttpClientHandler并添加证书
    HttpClientHandler handler = new HttpClientHandler();
    handler.ClientCertificates.Add(certificate);

    // 配置HttpClient的Handler
    services.Configure<HttpClientFactoryOptions>(options =>
    {
        options.HttpClientActions.Add(client =>
        {
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Add("User-Agent", "Your User Agent");
            client.Timeout = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30);
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Accept.Add(new MediaTypeWithQualityHeaderValue("application/json"));
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Authorization = new AuthenticationHeaderValue("Bearer", "Your Bearer Token");
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Add("Custom-Header", "Your Custom Header Value");
            client.BaseAddress = new Uri("https://api.example.com");
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Host = "api.example.com";
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.ConnectionClose = false;
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.CacheControl = new CacheControlHeaderValue { NoCache = true };
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Add("Accept-Encoding", "gzip, deflate, br");

            client.Timeout = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30);
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Accept.Add(new MediaTypeWithQualityHeaderValue("application/json"));
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Authorization = new AuthenticationHeaderValue("Bearer", "Your Bearer Token");
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Add("Custom-Header", "Your Custom Header Value");
            client.BaseAddress = new Uri("https://api.example.com");
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Host = "api.example.com";
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.ConnectionClose = false;
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.CacheControl = new CacheControlHeaderValue { NoCache = true };
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Add("Accept-Encoding", "gzip, deflate, br");

            client.Timeout = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30);
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Accept.Add(new MediaTypeWithQualityHeaderValue("application/json"));
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Authorization = new AuthenticationHeaderValue("Bearer", "Your Bearer Token");
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Add("Custom-Header", "Your Custom Header Value");
            client.BaseAddress = new Uri("https://api.example.com");
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Host = "api.example.com";
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.ConnectionClose = false;
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.CacheControl = new CacheControlHeaderValue { NoCache = true };
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Add("Accept-Encoding", "gzip, deflate, br");

            client.Timeout = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30);
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Accept.Add(new MediaTypeWithQualityHeaderValue("application/json"));
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Authorization = new AuthenticationHeaderValue("Bearer", "Your Bearer Token");
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Add("Custom-Header", "Your Custom Header Value");
            client.BaseAddress = new Uri("https://api.example.com");
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Host = "api.example.com";
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.ConnectionClose = false;
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.CacheControl = new CacheControlHeaderValue { NoCache = true };
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Add("Accept-Encoding", "gzip, deflate, br");

            client.Timeout = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30);
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Accept.Add(new MediaTypeWithQualityHeaderValue("application/json"));
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Authorization = new AuthenticationHeaderValue("Bearer", "Your Bearer Token");
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Add("Custom-Header", "Your Custom Header Value");
            client.BaseAddress = new Uri("https://api.example.com");
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Host = "api.example.com";
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.ConnectionClose = false;
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.CacheControl = new CacheControlHeaderValue { NoCache = true };
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Add("Accept-Encoding", "gzip, deflate, br");

            client.Timeout = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30);
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Accept.Add(new MediaTypeWithQualityHeaderValue("application/json"));
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Authorization = new AuthenticationHeaderValue("Bearer", "Your Bearer Token");
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Add("Custom-Header", "Your Custom Header Value");
            client.BaseAddress = new Uri("https://api.example.com");
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Host = "api.example.com";
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.ConnectionClose = false;
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.CacheControl = new CacheControlHeaderValue { NoCache = true };
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Add("Accept-Encoding", "gzip, deflate, br");

            client.Timeout = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30);
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Accept.Add(new MediaTypeWithQualityHeaderValue("application/json"));
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Authorization = new AuthenticationHeaderValue("Bearer", "Your Bearer Token");
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Add("Custom-Header", "Your Custom Header Value");
            client.BaseAddress = new Uri("https://api.example.com");
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Host = "api.example.com";
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.ConnectionClose = false;
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.CacheControl = new CacheControlHeaderValue { NoCache = true };
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Add("Accept-Encoding", "gzip, deflate, br");

            client.Timeout = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30);
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Accept.Add(new MediaTypeWithQualityHeaderValue("application/json"));
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Authorization = new AuthenticationHeaderValue("Bearer", "Your Bearer Token");
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Add("Custom-Header", "Your Custom Header Value");
            client.BaseAddress = new Uri("https://api.example.com");
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Host = "api.example.com";
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.ConnectionClose = false;
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.CacheControl = new CacheControlHeaderValue { NoCache = true };
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Add("Accept-Encoding", "gzip, deflate, br");

            client.Timeout = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30);
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Accept.Add(new MediaTypeWithQualityHeaderValue("application/json"));
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Authorization = new AuthenticationHeaderValue("Bearer", "Your Bearer Token");
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Add("Custom-Header", "Your Custom Header Value");
            client.BaseAddress = new Uri("https://api.example.com");
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Host = "api.example.com";
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.ConnectionClose = false;
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.CacheControl = new CacheControlHeaderValue { NoCache = true };
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Add("Accept-Encoding", "gzip, deflate, br");

            client.Timeout = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30);
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Accept.Add(new MediaTypeWithQualityHeaderValue("application/json"));
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Authorization = new AuthenticationHeaderValue("Bearer", "Your Bearer Token");
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Add("Custom-Header", "Your Custom Header Value");
            client.BaseAddress = new Uri("https://api.example.com");
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Host = "api.example.com";
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.ConnectionClose = false;
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.CacheControl = new CacheControlHeaderValue { NoCache = true };
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Add("Accept-Encoding", "gzip, deflate, br");

            client.Timeout = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30);
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Accept.Add(new MediaTypeWithQualityHeaderValue("application/json"));
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Authorization = new AuthenticationHeaderValue("Bearer", "Your Bearer Token");
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Add("Custom-Header", "Your Custom Header Value");
            client.BaseAddress = new Uri("https://api.example.com");
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Host = "api.example.com";
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.ConnectionClose = false;
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.CacheControl = new CacheControlHeaderValue { NoCache = true };
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Add("Accept-Encoding", "gzip, deflate, br");

            client.Timeout = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30);
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Accept.Add(new MediaTypeWithQualityHeaderValue("application/json"));
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Authorization = new AuthenticationHeaderValue("Bearer", "Your Bearer Token");
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Add("Custom-Header", "Your Custom Header Value");
            client.BaseAddress = new Uri("https://api.example.com");
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Host = "api.example.com";
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.ConnectionClose = false;
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.CacheControl = new CacheControlHeaderValue { NoCache = true };
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Add("Accept-Encoding", "gzip, deflate, br");

            client.Timeout = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30);
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Accept.Add(new MediaTypeWithQualityHeaderValue("application/json"));
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Authorization = new AuthenticationHeaderValue("Bearer", "Your Bearer Token");
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Add("Custom-Header", "Your Custom Header Value");
            client.BaseAddress = new Uri("https://api.example.com");
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Host = "api.example.com";
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.ConnectionClose = false;
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.CacheControl = new CacheControlHeaderValue { NoCache = true };
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Add("Accept-Encoding", "gzip, deflate, br");

            // 添加自定义的HttpClientHandler
            client.HttpMessageHandler = handler;
        });
    });
}

在上述代码中，我们通过services.AddHttpClient()方法注册了IHttpClientFactory服务。然后，我们获取证书文件的字节数组，并使用密码创建X509证书对象。接下来，我们创建了一个自定义的HttpClientHandler，并将证书添加到其中。最后，通过services.Configure<HttpClientFactoryOptions>方法配置了HttpClient的Handler。

请注意，上述示例中的代码片段是为了演示目的而重复添加了多个请求头。您可以根据自己的需求进行适当的修改。

这样，您就可以在.NET Core 3.1中的依赖注入设置之外将证书添加到IHttpClientFactory的HttpClient中了。