如何在没有协议和域的情况下获取URL的一部分

 ```python

 from urllib.parse import urlparse

 def get_url_parts(url):

     parsed_url = urlparse(url)

     protocol = parsed_url.scheme

     domain = parsed_url.netloc

     path = parsed_url.path

     query = parsed_url.query

     fragment = parsed_url.fragment

     return protocol, domain, path, query, fragment

 url = "http://www.example.com/path/to/resource?key=value&foo=bar#section1"

 protocol, domain, path, query, fragment = get_url_parts(url)

 print("协议部分：", protocol)

 print("域名部分：", domain)

 print("路径部分：", path)

 print("查询参数部分：", query)

 print("锚点部分：", fragment)

 ```

 ```javascript

 const url = new URL("http://www.example.com/path/to/resource?key=value&foo=bar#section1");

 const protocol = url.protocol;

 const domain = url.hostname;

 const path = url.pathname;

 const query = url.search;

 const fragment = url.hash;

 console.log("协议部分：", protocol);

 console.log("域名部分：", domain);

 console.log("路径部分：", path);

 console.log("查询参数部分：", query);

 console.log("锚点部分：", fragment);

 ```