如何使用GridSearchCV的结果绘制验证曲线？

from sklearn.model_selection import validation_curve
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

param_range = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

train_scores, test_scores = validation_curve(estimator, X, y, param_name, param_range, cv=5)

train_mean = np.mean(train_scores, axis=1)
train_std = np.std(train_scores, axis=1)
test_mean = np.mean(test_scores, axis=1)
test_std = np.std(test_scores, axis=1)

plt.figure(figsize=(10, 6))
plt.plot(param_range, train_mean, color='blue', marker='o', markersize=5, label='training accuracy')
plt.fill_between(param_range, train_mean + train_std, train_mean - train_std, alpha=0.15, color='blue')
plt.plot(param_range, test_mean, color='green', linestyle='--', marker='s', markersize=5, label='validation accuracy')
plt.fill_between(param_range, test_mean + test_std, test_mean - test_std, alpha=0.15, color='green')
plt.grid()
plt.xlabel('Parameter')
plt.ylabel('Accuracy')
plt.legend(loc='lower right')
plt.show()