向表达式解析器添加中缀运算符是一个常见的编程任务,涉及到编译原理中的词法分析和语法分析。以下是关于这个问题的详细解答:
中缀运算符是指位于操作数之间的运算符,例如 +
、-
、*
、/
等。表达式解析器的主要任务是将输入的字符串表达式转换为可计算的形式,通常是抽象语法树(AST)。
常见的中缀运算符包括:
+
, -
, *
, /
, %
==
, !=
, <
, >
, <=
, >=
&&
, ||
, !
&
, |
, ^
, <<
, >>
以下是一个简单的 Python 示例,展示如何向表达式解析器添加中缀运算符:
import re
from typing import List, Union
class Token:
def __init__(self, type: str, value: Union[str, int]):
self.type = type
self.value = value
def tokenize(expression: str) -> List[Token]:
tokens = []
token_specification = [
('NUMBER', r'\d+(\.\d*)?'), # Integer or decimal number
('OPERATOR', r'[+*/()-]'), # Arithmetic operators
('SKIP', r'\s+'), # Skip over spaces
]
tok_regex = '|'.join(f'(?P<{pair[0]}>{pair[1]})' for pair in token_specification)
for mo in re.finditer(tok_regex, expression):
kind = mo.lastgroup
value = mo.group(kind)
if kind == 'NUMBER':
value = float(value) if '.' in value else int(value)
elif kind == 'SKIP':
continue
tokens.append(Token(kind, value))
return tokens
def parse(tokens: List[Token]) -> 'Expression':
# This is a simplified example; a real parser would be more complex
class Expression:
def evaluate(self) -> float:
raise NotImplementedError
class NumberExpression(Expression):
def __init__(self, value: float):
self.value = value
def evaluate(self) -> float:
return self.value
class BinaryOperation(Expression):
def __init__(self, left: Expression, operator: str, right: Expression):
self.left = left
self.operator = operator
self.right = right
def evaluate(self) -> float:
left_value = self.left.evaluate()
right_value = self.right.evaluate()
if self.operator == '+':
return left_value + right_value
elif self.operator == '-':
return left_value - right_value
elif self.operator == '*':
return left_value * right_value
elif self.operator == '/':
return left_value / right_value
else:
raise ValueError(f"Unknown operator: {self.operator}")
# Simple recursive descent parser
def parse_expression(index: int) -> (Expression, int):
token = tokens[index]
if token.type == 'NUMBER':
return NumberExpression(token.value), index + 1
elif token.type == 'OPERATOR':
left, index = parse_expression(index - 1)
right, index = parse_expression(index + 1)
return BinaryOperation(left, token.value, right), index
else:
raise ValueError(f"Unexpected token: {token}")
ast, _ = parse_expression(0)
return ast
# Example usage
expression = "3 + 5 * (10 - 6)"
tokens = tokenize(expression)
ast = parse(tokens)
result = ast.evaluate()
print(f"Result: {result}") # Output: Result: 23.0
通过上述步骤和示例代码,你可以向表达式解析器添加中缀运算符,并处理相关的常见问题。
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