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社区首页 >问答首页 >在用Simpy实现的模拟过程中,计算机如何存储、排序和处理事件?

在用Simpy实现的模拟过程中,计算机如何存储、排序和处理事件?
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Stack Overflow用户
提问于 2016-11-05 23:37:41
回答 1查看 91关注 0票数 1

在Simpy中,我面临一个同步问题。我的意思是,事件不是按照我想要的顺序由计算机处理的。我一直在寻找比Simpy文档中更多的关于事件是如何由计算机排队、排序和处理的信息。我在任何地方都发现,它是按照它们必须在何时触发的时间来排序的。在阅读剩下的文章之前,是否有人会有任何链接或文件给我提供建议?

更具体地说,我试图建模和模拟现实世界系统( PoolSystem类的一个实例),这是一个子系统池,可以进一步细分为子子系统,也可以失败(最后一类系统称为AtomicSystem)。总之,PoolSystem是由可以是PoolSystem或AtomicSystem的子系统组成的。

例如,一个car可以是这个PoolSystem类的一个实例,其中一个引擎作为子系统。但是,发动机可以分解成其他几个子系统,如活塞或火花塞,这实际上可能会失败。在这种情况下,引擎将定义为PoolSystem实例,活塞和火花塞定义为AtomicSystem实例。

AtomicSystem和PoolSystem类基于相同的标准模型。他们都有:

  • 如果给定子系统的故障导致整个系统的故障(这意味着所有其他子系统必须被中断),则为"True“的”关键“布尔属性。
  • 一个"update_order“事件,作为一个系统与其子系统(如果有的话)通信的信号。
  • 一个"dysfunction_signal“事件,它是子系统告诉其系统失败的信号。
  • 一个“中断”事件,当给定的系统不能正常工作或被其更高级别的系统中断时,就会触发该事件。
  • 一个"update_end“事件,它充当一个子系统的信号,告诉其更高级别的系统它已经完成了更新。
  • “生命周期”属性,它是模拟给定系统的操作服务的过程。

我希望下面的模式可以帮助您理解您刚才读到的内容:被定义为池系统的汽车的故障

在这个模式中,car被定义为一个PoolSystem实例,其子系统是引擎和轮胎。轮胎可能是汽车故障的原因,因此它被定义为一个AtomicSystem实例。引擎被定义为另一个PoolSystem,其子系统是活塞和火花塞,因此可能会失败,因此将其定义为AtomicSystem实例。

可以在下面找到类AtomicSystem:

代码语言:javascript
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class AtomicSystem(object):
def __init__(self, env, mtbd, backlog, user_defined_critical=True, ids=None):
    self.env = env                                       # environment()    
    self.mtbd = mtbd                                     # mean time between dysfunction
    self.critical = user_defined_critical                # boolean
    self.ids = ids                                       # list of strings
    self.ttd = self.time_to_dysfunction()                # time before dysfunction
    self.update_order = self.env.event()                 
    self.dysfunction_signal = self.env.event()           
    self.interrupted = self.env.event()
    self.update_end = self.env.event()
    self.lifecycle = self.env.process(self.run(backlog))

def time_to_dysfunction(self):
    return self.mtbd

def run(self, backlog):
    # the atomic system starts service when its update_order event is triggered
    yield self.update_order
    print("t = " + str(self.env.now) + " : " + self.ids[-1] + " starts service.")
    self.update_order = self.env.event()

    # atomic system specifies to higher level system that it has started service
    self.update_end.succeed()
    self.update_end = self.env.event()

    try:
        # as long as the atomic system remains in this while loop, it is said to be in service.
        while True:
            start = self.env.now
            time_out = self.env.timeout(self.ttd)

            # wait for a dysfunction (time_out) or interruption (interrupted) or an update from a higher level system (update_order)
            result = yield time_out | self.interrupted | self.update_order

            if time_out in result:
                print("t = " + str(self.env.now) + " : " + self.ids[-1] + " fails.")

                # if the atomic system fails, trigger dysfunction_signal event destined to be detected by higher level system
                self.dysfunction_signal.succeed()
                # when the atomic system fails, its interrupted event is automatically triggered 
                self.interrupted.succeed()
                if self.ttd > 0:
                    backlog.append({"Dysfunction time": self.env.now, "IDs": self.ids})
                self.ttd = 0

            if self.interrupted.triggered:
                print("t = " + str(self.env.now) + " : " + self.ids[-1] + " interrupts service.")
                if self.ttd > 0:
                    operation_duration = self.env.now - start
                    self.ttd -= operation_duration

                # the atomic system waits for update_order trigger when it has been interrupted
                yield self.update_order


            if self.update_order.triggered:
            # here, the atomic system returns to service
                print("t = " + str(self.env.now) + " : " + self.ids[-1] + " is updated.")
                if self.ttd > 0:
                    operation_duration = self.env.now - start
                    self.ttd -= operation_duration
                self.update_end.succeed()
                self.update_order = self.env.event()
                self.dysfunction_signal = self.env.event()
                self.interrupted = self.env.event()
                self.update_end = self.env.event()

    except:
    # here the atomic system is terminated (end of service)
        print("t = " + str(self.env.now) + " : " + self.ids[-1] + " is terminated.")
        self.env.exit()

可以在下面找到类PoolSystem:

代码语言:javascript
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class PoolSystem(object):
def __init__(self, env, id, init_subsystems, user_defined_critical=True):
    self.env = env
    self.id = id
    self.subsystems = init_subsystems
    self.working_subsystems = [self.subsystems[key] for key in self.subsystems.keys()]
    self.critical = user_defined_critical
    self.update_order = self.env.event()
    self.dysfunction_signal = simpy.AnyOf(self.env, [syst.dysfunction_signal for syst in self.working_subsystems])
    self.interrupted = self.env.event()
    self.update_end = self.env.event()
    self.lifecycle = self.env.process(self.run())

def start_subsystems(self):
    for key in self.subsystems.keys():
        self.subsystems[key].update_order.succeed()

def run(self):
    user_defined_critical = self.critical

    # the pool system is started here when its update_order event is triggered
    yield self.update_order
    print("t = " + str(self.env.now) + " : " + self.id + " starts service.")
    self.update_order = self.env.event()

    # Here, the pool system starts all of its subsystems (which can be atomic and/or pool systems)
    self.start_subsystems()

    # here, update_end is triggered if all the update_end events of the subsystems have been triggered
    self.update_end = simpy.AllOf(self.env, [self.subsystems[key].update_end for key in self.subsystems.keys()])
    yield self.update_end
    try:
        while True:

            # wait for a dysfunction (dysfunction_signal), interruption (interrupted) or an update from a higher level system (update_order)
            yield self.dysfunction_signal | self.interrupted | self.update_order


            if self.dysfunction_signal.triggered:
                crit = []
                for syst in self.working_subsystems:
                    if syst.dysfunction_signal.triggered:
                        crit.append(syst.critical)
                if True in crit: # if one of the failed subsystems is critical (critical = True), then trigger interrupted event()
                    print("t = " + str(self.env.now) + " : " + self.id + " fails completely.")
                    # pool system is interrupted
                    self.critical = user_defined_critical
                    self.interrupted.succeed()
                else:
                    # no critical subsystem has failed yet so the pool system can continue working (no interruption here)
                    self.critical = False
                    self.working_subsystems = [self.subsystems[key] for key in self.subsystems.keys() if
                                               not self.subsystems[key].interrupted.triggered]
                    if len(self.working_subsystems) is not 0:
                        print("t = " + str(self.env.now) + " : " + self.id + " fails partially.")
                        self.dysfunction_signal = simpy.AnyOf(self.env, [syst.dysfunction_signal for syst in
                                                                         self.working_subsystems])
                    else:
                    # pool system is interrupted if all of its subsystems have failed
                        print("t = " + str(self.env.now) + " : " + self.id + " fails completely (no working EUs).")
                        self.interrupted.succeed()

            if self.interrupted.triggered:
                print("t = " + str(self.env.now) + " : " + self.id + " interrupts service.")
                # interrupt all subsystems
                for key in self.subsystems.keys():
                    if not self.subsystems[key].interrupted.triggered:
                        self.subsystems[key].interrupted.succeed()

                # waits for update_order from higher level system
                yield self.update_order

            if self.update_order.triggered:
                print("t = " + str(self.env.now) + " : " + self.id + " is updated.")
                # update_order has been troggered by higher level system                    
                self.update_order = self.env.event()
                self.start_subsystems()
                self.update_end = simpy.AllOf(self.env,
                                              [self.subsystems[key].update_end for key in self.subsystems.keys()])
                # wait for the end of the update of the subsystems
                yield self.update_end
                print("t = " + str(self.env.now) + " : " + self.id + " receives update-end signal.")
                self.working_subsystems = [self.subsystems[key] for key in self.subsystems.keys()]
                self.dysfunction_signal = simpy.AnyOf(self.env,
                                                      [syst.dysfunction_signal for syst in self.working_subsystems])
                self.interrupted = self.env.event()


    except simpy.Interrupt:
    # here the pool system is terminated, it leaves service.
        for key in self.subsystems.keys():
            self.subsystems[key].lifecycle.interrupt()
        self.env.exit()

我定义了另外两个类,Eu (从AtomicSystem继承)和ModSat (从PoolSystem继承)。基本上,我正在从几个Eu对象(只有两个系统级别)构建一个modsat对象。我已经张贴了下面的代码:

代码语言:javascript
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class Eu(AtomicSystem):
def __init__(self, env, identity, mtbd, backlog, critical=True, ids=None):
    self.id = identity
    ids.append(self.id)
    AtomicSystem.__init__(self, env, mtbd, backlog, critical, ids)

class ModSat(PoolSystem):
def __init__(self, env, digit_id, eu_mtbds_criticals, backlog, critical=True):
    identity = "ModSat" + str(digit_id)
    self.eus = self.initialize(env, identity, eu_mtbds_criticals, backlog)
    PoolSystem.__init__(self, env, identity, self.eus, critical)

def initialize(self, env, identity, eu_mtbds_criticals, backlog):
    eus = {}
    for i in range(1, len(eu_mtbds_criticals) + 1):
        eu_id = "EU" + str(i) + ":" + identity
        eu = Eu(env, eu_id, eu_mtbds_criticals[i - 1][0], backlog, eu_mtbds_criticals[i - 1][1], [identity])
        eus[eu_id] = eu
    return eus

最后,我想测试modsat对象,看看是否可以轻松地替换ModSat对象的一个失败子系统(Eu类型),而不会影响modsat的良好行为。我创建了一个模拟函数,使我能够与modsat对象交互。我使用由以下所定义的2个modsat对象运行测试:

代码语言:javascript
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backlog = []
eu_mtbds_criticals1 = [[5, False], [11, False], [19, False]]
eu_mtbds_criticals2 = [[4, False], [27, False], [38, False]]
env = simpy.Environment()
sat1 = ModSat(env, 1, eu_mtbds_criticals1, backlog, True)
sat2 = ModSat(env, 2, eu_mtbds_criticals2, backlog, True)
constellation = {'ModSat1': sat1, 'ModSat2': sat2}
env.process(simulate(constellation, env, backlog))
env.run(until=100)

第一个测试非常简单,具有以下模拟功能:

代码语言:javascript
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def simulate(constellation, env, backlog):
for key in constellation.keys():
    # start service of each ModSat object included in the constellation dictionary, 
    # by triggering their update_order event.
    constellation[key].update_order.succeed()

# wait for a while to be sure that the modsat objects have been completely simulated.
yield env.timeout(50)

输出是我想要的,因为所有事件似乎都是由计算机以正确的顺序触发和处理的:

代码语言:javascript
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# the 1st update_order event of PoolSystem is triggered
t = 0 : ModSat1 starts service.
t = 0 : ModSat2 starts service.
# the 1st update_order event of AtomicSystem is triggered
t = 0 : EU1:ModSat1 starts service.
t = 0 : EU3:ModSat1 starts service.
t = 0 : EU2:ModSat1 starts service.
t = 0 : EU2:ModSat2 starts service.
t = 0 : EU1:ModSat2 starts service.
t = 0 : EU3:ModSat2 starts service.
# 1st failure here. Since critical attribute of EU1:ModSat2 is set to False ModSat2 is not interrupted (partial failure)
t = 4 : EU1:ModSat2 fails.
t = 4 : EU1:ModSat2 interrupts service.
t = 4 : ModSat2 fails partially.
# 2nd failure here
t = 5 : EU1:ModSat1 fails.
t = 5 : EU1:ModSat1 interrupts service.
t = 5 : ModSat1 fails partially.
t = 11 : EU2:ModSat1 fails.
t = 11 : EU2:ModSat1 interrupts service.
t = 11 : ModSat1 fails partially.
# here the last failure of ModSat1: ModSat1 is interrupted because it has no more working Eus
t = 19 : EU3:ModSat1 fails.
t = 19 : EU3:ModSat1 interrupts service.
t = 19 : ModSat1 fails completely (no working EUs).
t = 19 : ModSat1 interrupts service.
t = 27 : EU2:ModSat2 fails.
t = 27 : EU2:ModSat2 interrupts service.
t = 27 : ModSat2 fails partially.
# here the last failure of ModSat2: ModSat2 is interrupted because it has no more working Eus
t = 38 : EU3:ModSat2 fails.
t = 38 : EU3:ModSat2 interrupts service.
t = 38 : ModSat2 fails completely (no working EUs).
t = 38 : ModSat2 interrupts service.

现在,我想用以下模拟函数测试我的代码:

代码语言:javascript
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def simulate(constellation, env, backlog):
    for key in constellation.keys():
    # start service of each ModSat object included in the constellation dictionary, 
    # by triggering their update_order event.
        constellation[key].update_order.succeed()


    # detect failure
    request_signal = simpy.AnyOf(env, [constellation[key].dysfunction_signal for key in constellation.keys()])
    yield request_signal

    # The servicer's backlog is updated with the first item of the backlog list
    print("t = " + str(env.now) + " : a service request is detected.")
    servicer_backlog = []
    servicer_backlog.append(backlog[0])
    del backlog[0]

    # the next line models the servicer time of service
    yield env.timeout(5)

    # The servicer gets the ID of the failed Eu to replace from its backlog
    sat_id = servicer_backlog[0]['IDs'][0]
    eu_id =  servicer_backlog[0]['IDs'][1]
    failed_eu = constellation[sat_id].eus[eu_id]
    # the servicer gives the values of the attributes of the failed EU to the new EU
    new_eu = Eu(failed_eu.env, failed_eu.id, failed_eu.mtbd, backlog, failed_eu.critical, failed_eu.ids)
    # the failed eu is terminated (its service ends)
    failed_eu.lifecycle.interrupt()
    # the new EU replaces the failed_eu
    constellation[sat_id].eus[eu_id] = new_eu
    # the modsat concerned by the replacement has its update_order event triggered
    constellation[sat_id].update_order.succeed()
    print("t = " + str(env.now) + " : a service is provided")

上面的模拟函数只是将第一个失败的欧盟替换为一个新的欧盟。产出如下:

代码语言:javascript
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# the 1st update_order event of PoolSystem is triggered
t = 0 : ModSat1 starts service.
t = 0 : ModSat2 starts service.
# the 1st update_order event of AtomicSystem is triggered
t = 0 : EU3:ModSat1 starts service.
t = 0 : EU2:ModSat1 starts service.
t = 0 : EU1:ModSat1 starts service.
t = 0 : EU1:ModSat2 starts service.
t = 0 : EU2:ModSat2 starts service.
t = 0 : EU3:ModSat2 starts service.
t = 0 : ModSat1 receives update-end signal.
t = 0 : ModSat2 receives update-end signal.
# the first Eu of modsat2 fails, and its failure is detected by the simulate function
t = 4 : EU1:ModSat2 fails.
t = 4 : EU1:ModSat2 interrupts service.
t = 4 : a service request is detected.
t = 4 : ModSat2 fails partially.
# HERE IS MY CONCERN: at time t = 5, EU1 of modsat1 fails and interrupts service. However, there should be a line "t = 5 : ModSat1 fails partially" which does not appear... 
t = 5 : EU1:ModSat1 fails.
t = 5 : EU1:ModSat1 interrupts service.
t = 9 : a service is provided
t = 9 : EU1:ModSat2 is terminated.
t = 9 : ModSat2 is updated.
t = 9 : EU1:ModSat2 starts service.
t = 9 : EU2:ModSat2 is updated.
t = 9 : EU3:ModSat2 is updated.
t = 9 : ModSat2 receives update-end signal.
t = 11 : EU2:ModSat1 fails.
t = 11 : EU2:ModSat1 interrupts service.
t = 13 : EU1:ModSat2 fails.
t = 13 : EU1:ModSat2 interrupts service.
t = 13 : ModSat2 fails partially.
t = 19 : EU3:ModSat1 fails.
t = 19 : EU3:ModSat1 interrupts service.
t = 27 : EU2:ModSat2 fails.
t = 27 : EU2:ModSat2 interrupts service.
t = 27 : ModSat2 fails partially.
t = 38 : EU3:ModSat2 fails.
t = 38 : EU3:ModSat2 interrupts service.
t = 38 : ModSat2 fails completely (no working EUs).
t = 38 : ModSat2 interrupts service.

如前所述,在"t =5: EU1:ModSat1中断服务“行"t =5: ModSat1中断服务”之后,应该有一行“t=5:ModSat1故障部分失败”。相反,计算机直接跳到模拟函数的“env.timeout(5)”之后的第一行。

我不明白这里发生了什么,我认为这是因为我对如何用Simpy定义和排序事件队列缺乏了解。我在网上找不到任何关于这里发生的事情的提示。在堆叠式论坛和其他论坛上,我没有看到任何这样的问题。我很高兴能得到任何帮助。

我的代码很长,所以我希望我发布的代码中的注释足够:\

非常感谢!

EN

回答 1

Stack Overflow用户

发布于 2016-12-12 11:07:48

我(终于)在SimPy上开始了一本关于时间的指南。它仍然是WIP,但您可以继续讨论这里

票数 0
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页面原文内容由Stack Overflow提供。腾讯云小微IT领域专用引擎提供翻译支持
原文链接:

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/40444437

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