如何正确地将库与cmake链接？
如何正确地将库与cmake链接？
提问于 2016-09-20 23:37:31
我无法将我正在使用的其他库正确地链接到我的项目中。
我使用的是CLion，它使用cmake来构建它的项目。我正在尝试结合使用几个库和OpenGL来制作一些对象的纹理。我最初是在Visual Studio中构建它的，因为我不知道如何让cmake与Clion一起工作。但是，现在代码都可以工作了(不管怎样，在Visual Studio中)，我希望能够使用CLion，因为这是我首选的集成开发环境。
我仍然是cmake的新手，我不知道我的CMakeLists.txt做错了什么。这就是我所拥有的：
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.3)
project(texture_mapping)
find_package(OpenGL REQUIRED)
link_directories(${OPENGL_gl_LIBRARY})
set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -std=c++11")
set(SOURCE_FILES main.cpp camera.h display.h display.cpp mesh.cpp mesh.h obj_loader.cpp obj_loader.h shader.cpp shader.h stb_image.c stb_image.h texture.cpp texture.h transform.h)
link_directories(texture_mapping ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/lib)
add_executable(texture_mapping ${SOURCE_FILES})
target_include_directories(texture_mapping PUBLIC ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include)
target_link_libraries(texture_mapping SDL2 SDL2main SDL2test glew32 glew32s ${OPENGL_gl_LIBRARY})我调整了它，直到它在CLion中不再给我任何错误，但头文件仍然不能在我的代码中识别。
以下是我的项目的结构：
因此，我放置了所需的所有库，但它似乎无法在代码中识别它们。Clion可以在项目中识别它们(它们没有显示为红色错误)，但在构建它时(当我尝试在CLion中运行它时)，我得到了以下错误：
CMakeFiles\texture_mapping.dir/objects.a(mesh.cpp.obj): In function `ZN4MeshD2Ev':
...texture-mapping/mesh.cpp:30: undefined reference to `_imp____glewDeleteVertexArrays'
CMakeFiles\texture_mapping.dir/objects.a(mesh.cpp.obj): In function `ZN4Mesh8InitMeshERK12IndexedModel':
...texture-mapping/mesh.cpp:36: undefined reference to `_imp____glewGenVertexArrays'
...texture-mapping/mesh.cpp:37: undefined reference to `_imp____glewBindVertexArray'
...texture-mapping/mesh.cpp:39: undefined reference to `_imp____glewGenBuffers'
...texture-mapping/mesh.cpp:40: undefined reference to `_imp____glewBindBuffer'
...texture-mapping/mesh.cpp:41: undefined reference to `_imp____glewBufferData'
...texture-mapping/mesh.cpp:43: undefined reference to `_imp____glewEnableVertexAttribArray'
...texture-mapping/mesh.cpp:44: undefined reference to `_imp____glewVertexAttribPointer'
...texture-mapping/mesh.cpp:46: undefined reference to `_imp____glewBindBuffer'
...texture-mapping/mesh.cpp:47: undefined reference to `_imp____glewBufferData'
...texture-mapping/mesh.cpp:49: undefined reference to `_imp____glewEnableVertexAttribArray'
...texture-mapping/mesh.cpp:50: undefined reference to `_imp____glewVertexAttribPointer'
...texture-mapping/mesh.cpp:52: undefined reference to `_imp____glewBindBuffer'
...texture-mapping/mesh.cpp:53: undefined reference to `_imp____glewBufferData'
...texture-mapping/mesh.cpp:55: undefined reference to `_imp____glewBindVertexArray'
...texture-mapping/mesh.cpp:56: undefined reference to `_imp____glewBindVertexArray'
CMakeFiles\texture_mapping.dir/objects.a(mesh.cpp.obj): In function `ZN4Mesh4DrawEv':
...texture-mapping/mesh.cpp:61: undefined reference to `_imp____glewBindVertexArray'
...texture-mapping/mesh.cpp:65: undefined reference to `_imp____glewBindVertexArray'
CMakeFiles\texture_mapping.dir/objects.a(shader.cpp.obj): In function `ZN6ShaderC2ERKSs':
...texture-mapping/shader.cpp:5: undefined reference to `_imp____glewCreateProgram'
...texture-mapping/shader.cpp:11: undefined reference to `_imp____glewAttachShader'
...texture-mapping/shader.cpp:14: undefined reference to `_imp____glewBindAttribLocation'
...texture-mapping/shader.cpp:15: undefined reference to `_imp____glewBindAttribLocation'
...texture-mapping/shader.cpp:17: undefined reference to `_imp____glewLinkProgram'
...texture-mapping/shader.cpp:20: undefined reference to `_imp____glewValidateProgram'
...texture-mapping/shader.cpp:23: undefined reference to `_imp____glewGetUniformLocation'
CMakeFiles\texture_mapping.dir/objects.a(shader.cpp.obj): In function `ZN6Shader4BindEv':
...texture-mapping/shader.cpp:28: undefined reference to `_imp____glewUseProgram'
CMakeFiles\texture_mapping.dir/objects.a(shader.cpp.obj): In function `ZN6Shader6UpdateERK9TransformRK6Camera':
...texture-mapping/shader.cpp:35: undefined reference to `_imp____glewUniformMatrix4fv'
CMakeFiles\texture_mapping.dir/objects.a(shader.cpp.obj): In function `ZN6ShaderD2Ev':
...texture-mapping/shader.cpp:42: undefined reference to `_imp____glewDetachShader'
...texture-mapping/shader.cpp:43: undefined reference to `_imp____glewDeleteShader'
...texture-mapping/shader.cpp:46: undefined reference to `_imp____glewDeleteProgram'
CMakeFiles\texture_mapping.dir/objects.a(shader.cpp.obj): In function `ZN6Shader16CheckShaderErrorEjjbRKSs':
...texture-mapping/shader.cpp:79: undefined reference to `_imp____glewGetProgramiv'
...texture-mapping/shader.cpp:81: undefined reference to `_imp____glewGetShaderiv'
...texture-mapping/shader.cpp:86: undefined reference to `_imp____glewGetProgramInfoLog'
...texture-mapping/shader.cpp:88: undefined reference to `_imp____glewGetShaderInfoLog'
CMakeFiles\texture_mapping.dir/objects.a(shader.cpp.obj): In function `ZN6Shader12CreateShaderERKSsj':
...texture-mapping/shader.cpp:96: undefined reference to `_imp____glewCreateShader'
...texture-mapping/shader.cpp:109: undefined reference to `_imp____glewShaderSource'
...texture-mapping/shader.cpp:110: undefined reference to `_imp____glewCompileShader'
CMakeFiles\texture_mapping.dir/objects.a(texture.cpp.obj): In function `ZN7Texture4BindEj':
...texture-mapping/texture.cpp:36: undefined reference to `_imp____glewActiveTexture'
...texture-mapping/lib/SDL2main.lib(./Win32/Release/SDL_windows_main.obj):(.text+0x24): undefined reference to `SDL_SetMainReady'
...texture-mapping/lib/SDL2main.lib(./Win32/Release/SDL_windows_main.obj):(.text+0x55): undefined reference to `SDL_malloc'
...texture-mapping/lib/SDL2main.lib(./Win32/Release/SDL_windows_main.obj):(.text+0x84): undefined reference to `SDL_wcslen'
...texture-mapping/lib/SDL2main.lib(./Win32/Release/SDL_windows_main.obj):(.text+0xa5): undefined reference to `SDL_iconv_string'
...texture-mapping/lib/SDL2main.lib(./Win32/Release/SDL_windows_main.obj):(.text+0xcf): undefined reference to `SDL_free'
...texture-mapping/lib/SDL2main.lib(./Win32/Release/SDL_windows_main.obj):(.text+0xf4): undefined reference to `SDL_wcslen'
...texture-mapping/lib/SDL2main.lib(./Win32/Release/SDL_windows_main.obj):(.text+0x10f): undefined reference to `SDL_iconv_string'
...texture-mapping/lib/SDL2main.lib(./Win32/Release/SDL_windows_main.obj):(.text+0x143): undefined reference to `SDL_malloc'
...texture-mapping/lib/SDL2main.lib(./Win32/Release/SDL_windows_main.obj):(.text+0x17f): undefined reference to `SDL_free'
...texture-mapping/lib/SDL2main.lib(./Win32/Release/SDL_windows_main.obj):(.text+0x18b): undefined reference to `SDL_free'
...texture-mapping/lib/SDL2main.lib(./Win32/Release/SDL_windows_main.obj):(.text+0x1d6): undefined reference to `SDL_isspace'
...texture-mapping/lib/SDL2main.lib(./Win32/Release/SDL_windows_main.obj):(.text+0x295): undefined reference to `SDL_isspace'
...texture-mapping/lib/SDL2main.lib(./Win32/Release/SDL_windows_main.obj):(.text+0x3a2): undefined reference to `SDL_ShowSimpleMessageBox'基本上，每次使用SDL和glew时都会出错，但glm除外，这很奇怪。
我的CMakeLists.txt哪里做错了？
回答 1
Stack Overflow用户
发布于 2016-09-21 01:10:50
我的建议是从简单开始，然后使你的项目进一步复杂化。
让我试着解释一下CMake中的链接是如何工作的。其思想是在CMake中构建模块，并将它们链接在一起。让我们暂时忽略头文件，因为它们都可以包含在您的源文件中。
假设你有file1.cpp，file2.cpp，main.cpp。您可以使用以下命令将它们添加到项目中：
ADD_LIBRARY(LibsModule
file1.cpp
file2.cpp
)现在，您将它们添加到一个名为LibsModule的模块中。请记住这一点。例如，假设您想要链接到系统中已经存在的pthread。您可以使用以下命令将其与LibsModule结合使用：
target_link_libraries(LibsModule -lpthread)如果你也想链接一个静态库，你可以这样做：
target_link_libraries(LibsModule liblapack.a)如果要添加这些库所在的目录，请执行以下操作：
target_link_libraries(LibsModule -L/home/user/libs/somelibpath/)现在添加一个可执行文件，并将其与主文件链接：
ADD_EXECUTABLE(MyProgramExecBlaBla main.cpp)(我添加BlaBla只是为了清楚地表明该名称是自定义的)。然后将LibsModule与可执行模块MyProgramExecBlaBla链接起来
target_link_libraries(MyProgramExecBlaBla LibsModule)这个就行了。
我在你的CMake文件中看到的是大量的冗余。例如，为什么会有texture_mapping，它是包含目录中的一个可执行模块？所以你需要把它清理干净，并遵循我解释的简单逻辑。希望它能起作用。
总而言之，它看起来像这样：
project (MyProgramExecBlaBla) #not sure whether this should be the same name of the executable, but I always see that "convention"
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8)
ADD_LIBRARY(LibsModule
file1.cpp
file2.cpp
)
target_link_libraries(LibsModule -lpthread)
target_link_libraries(LibsModule liblapack.a)
target_link_libraries(LibsModule -L/home/user/libs/somelibpath/)
ADD_EXECUTABLE(MyProgramExecBlaBla main.cpp)
target_link_libraries(MyProgramExecBlaBla LibsModule)需要理解的最重要的事情是模块结构，您可以在其中创建模块并将它们与您的可执行文件链接在一起。一旦成功，你可以用更多的细节使你的项目变得更加复杂。祝好运!
注意:请记住，这是使用CMake的简单方法。更好的跨平台方法是使用find_package，它定位一个包/库，并在CMake变量中提供库和includes，以便您可以将程序链接到它们。例如，Here's how to do this for boost。
页面原文内容由Stack Overflow提供。腾讯云小微IT领域专用引擎提供翻译支持
原文链接：
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/39598323
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