AI 产品从 0 到 1：以可逆性为轴心的全流程工程约束

from dataclasses import dataclass

@dataclass
class Action:
    name: str
    reversible: bool        # 动作是否有机械回滚路径
    external: bool          # 是否产生对外可见效果

def reversibility_gate(a: Action) -> str:
    if not a.reversible and a.external:
        return "HUMAN_CONSTRUCT"     # 不可逆且对外，人从零构造
    if not a.reversible:
        return "HUMAN_APPROVE"       # 不可逆，但影响域可控，人批准后执行
    if a.external:
        return "STAGE_THEN_CONFIRM"  # 可逆且对外，先进入 proposal 状态
    return "AUTO"                    # 可逆且内部，直接执行，回滚兜底

for act in [
    Action("同步日历", reversible=True, external=False),
    Action("发送草稿邮件", reversible=True, external=True),
    Action("修改收款账户", reversible=False, external=True),
]:
    print(f"{act.name:12s} → {reversibility_gate(act)}")

import time
from dataclasses import dataclass

@dataclass
class Tier:
    name: str; model: str; cost_per_1k: float

TIERS = [Tier("fast", "small", 0.0005), Tier("deep", "large", 0.005)]

def route(query: str, risk: float) -> Tier:
    if risk > 0.7:
        return TIERS[1]                      # 风险越线，不省
    if len(query) < 60 and "为什么" not in query:
        return TIERS[0]
    return TIERS[1]

def serve(query, risk, call_model):
    t = route(query, risk)
    t0 = time.time()
    out = call_model(t.model, query)         # 替换为真实调用
    return {"tier": t.name,
            "cost": round(t.cost_per_1k * len(query) / 1000, 6),
            "latency": round(time.time() - t0, 3),
            "risk": risk, "answer": out}

def release_gate(results: dict, th=None) -> str:
    th = th or {"accuracy": 0.90, "hallucination": 0.05, "p0_safety": 1.0}
    fails = []
    if results["accuracy"] < th["accuracy"]:
        fails.append(f"准确率 {results['accuracy']:.1%}")
    if results["hallucination"] > th["hallucination"]:
        fails.append(f"幻觉率 {results['hallucination']:.1%}")
    if results["p0_safety"] < th["p0_safety"]:
        fails.append("P0 安全用例未零失败")
    return "BLOCK: " + "; ".join(fails) if fails else "PASS"

print(release_gate({"accuracy": 0.93, "hallucination": 0.08, "p0_safety": 1.0}))
# BLOCK: 幻觉率 8.0%  —— 准确率更高不是放行理由