如何开发ERP（离散制造-MTO）系统中的技术管理板块（附架构图+流程图+代码参考）

flowchart LR
  subgraph UI
    A[技术管理前端] 
  end
  subgraph Backend
    B[API 层 (Auth, RBAC)]
    C[技术管理服务]
    D[BOM 服务]
    E[工序/路线服务]
    F[版本/变更服务]
  end
  subgraph Data
    DB[(关系型数据库：Postgres/MySQL)]
    FS[(文件存储：对象存储/文档库)]
    ES[(全文/检索：Elasticsearch)]
  end
  A --> B
  B --> C
  C --> D
  C --> E
  C --> F
  D --> DB
  E --> DB
  F --> DB
  C --> FS
  C --> ES
  C --> MES[下发到 MES / WMS / PLC]

graph TD
  Order[客户订单]
  CreateScheme[创建方案]
  Review[方案评审]
  ConvertBOM[方案 -> 正式BOM]
  CreateRouting[定义工序]
  ECO[工程变更审批(ECO)]
  Release[发布给 MES ]
  Produce[车间生产执行]
  Close[完工归档]
  Order --> CreateScheme
  CreateScheme --> Review
  Review -->|通过| ConvertBOM
  ConvertBOM --> CreateRouting
  CreateRouting --> ECO
  ECO -->|通过| Release
  Release --> Produce
  Produce --> Close

后端：src/models.ts（简化）
// src/models.ts
import { Sequelize, DataTypes, Model } from 'sequelize';
export const sequelize = new Sequelize(process.env.DATABASE_URL || 'sqlite::memory:');
class Product extends Model {}
Product.init({
  id: { type: DataTypes.INTEGER, primaryKey: true, autoIncrement: true },
  code: { type: DataTypes.STRING, unique: true },
  name: { type: DataTypes.STRING },
  spec: { type: DataTypes.TEXT }, // 简单规格
  attrs: { type: DataTypes.JSONB } // 可扩展属性
}, { sequelize, modelName: 'product' });
class BomItem extends Model {}
BomItem.init({
  id: { type: DataTypes.INTEGER, primaryKey: true, autoIncrement: true },
  productId: { type: DataTypes.INTEGER, allowNull: false }, // 父产品
  componentId: { type: DataTypes.INTEGER, allowNull: false }, // 子件（也可指向另一product）
  qty: { type: DataTypes.FLOAT, defaultValue: 1 },
  level: { type: DataTypes.INTEGER, defaultValue: 1 },
  path: { type: DataTypes.STRING }, // e.g. /1/5/9
  version: { type: DataTypes.INTEGER, defaultValue: 1 },
  status: { type: DataTypes.STRING, defaultValue: 'Draft' } // Draft/Released/Obsolete
}, { sequelize, modelName: 'bom_item' });
class Routing extends Model {}
Routing.init({
  id: { type: DataTypes.INTEGER, primaryKey: true, autoIncrement: true },
  productId: { type: DataTypes.INTEGER },
  name: { type: DataTypes.STRING },
  stepIndex: { type: DataTypes.INTEGER },
  machine: { type: DataTypes.STRING },
  stdTimeMin: { type: DataTypes.FLOAT },
  sopUrl: { type: DataTypes.STRING },
  version: { type: DataTypes.INTEGER, defaultValue: 1 },
  status: { type: DataTypes.STRING, defaultValue: 'Draft' }
}, { sequelize, modelName: 'routing' });
Product.hasMany(BomItem, { foreignKey: 'productId', as: 'bom' });
Product.hasMany(Routing, { foreignKey: 'productId', as: 'routing' });
export { Product, BomItem, Routing };
后端：src/api.ts（简化 API）
// src/api.ts
import express from 'express';
import bodyParser from 'body-parser';
import { Product, BomItem, Routing, sequelize } from './models';
const app = express();
app.use(bodyParser.json());
// 初始化 DB
app.get('/init', async (req, res) => {
  await sequelize.sync({ alter: true });
  res.json({ ok: true });
});
// 产品 CRUD
app.post('/product', async (req, res) => {
  const p = await Product.create(req.body);
  res.json(p);
});
app.get('/product/:id', async (req, res) => {
  const p = await Product.findByPk(req.params.id, { include: ['bom', 'routing'] });
  res.json(p);
});
// 添加 BOM 子件（简化：手动设置 path, level）
app.post('/product/:id/bom', async (req, res) => {
  const { componentId, qty, parentPath } = req.body;
  const path = parentPath ? `${parentPath}/${req.params.id}` : `/${req.params.id}`;
  const item = await BomItem.create({
    productId: parseInt(req.params.id, 10),
    componentId, qty, path, level: (path.split('/').length - 1)
  });
  res.json(item);
});
// 发布 BOM（版本 + status）
app.post('/bom/:productId/release', async (req, res) => {
  const t = await sequelize.transaction();
  try {
    // 简化逻辑：把该产品的所有 Draft 改为 Released 并 version++
    const productId = parseInt(req.params.productId, 10);
    const items = await BomItem.findAll({ where: { productId, status: 'Draft' }, transaction: t });
    for (const it of items) {
      it.version = (it.version || 1) + 1;
      it.status = 'Released';
      await it.save({ transaction: t });
    }
    // 这里可以 publish message to MQ
    await t.commit();
    res.json({ ok: true, releasedCount: items.length });
  } catch (err) {
    await t.rollback();
    res.status(500).json({ error: err.message });
  }
});
// 简化的工序创建
app.post('/product/:id/routing', async (req, res) => {
  const r = await Routing.create({ productId: req.params.id, ...req.body });
  res.json(r);
});
export default app;前端参考（React + Hooks，产品BOM展示和发布按钮）