如何开发车辆管理系统中的车务管理板块（附架构图+流程图+代码参考）

scss
Vehicle (车辆)
  id, plate_no, vin, brand, model, purchase_date, dept_id, driver_id, status, mileage
Violation (违章)
  id, vehicle_id, time, location, violation_type, fine_amount, points, status, evidence_urls, remarks
Accident (事故)
  id, vehicle_id, time, location, responsibility, damage_estimate, report_url, status
Maintenance (维修)
  id, vehicle_id, time, vendor, items(json), amount, mileage, invoice_url, status
Service (保养)
  id, vehicle_id, time, next_service_mileage, mileage, items, vendor, amount, invoice_url
Inspection (年检)
  id, vehicle_id, valid_until, certificate_url, last_inspection_time, status
Insurance (保险)
  id, vehicle_id, insurer, policy_no, start_date, end_date, premium, claims(json)

+---------------------+        +-------------------------+
|  浏览器 / 移动端App  | <----> |        前端 (React)     |
+---------------------+        +-------------------------+
                                      |
                                      v
                           +------------------------+
                           |    API 网关 / Nginx    |
                           +------------------------+
                                      |
            +-------------------------+-------------------------+
            |                                                 |
            v                                                 v
+------------------------+                        +-------------------------+
| 后端服务 (Node.js/TS)  |                        | 后端服务 (Python/Java)  |
| - Auth, RBAC           |                        | - 报表、对接财务、批处理 |
| - Vehicle CRUD         |                        +-------------------------+
| - Business Logic       |
+------------------------+
            |
            v
+------------------------+
| 关系型数据库 (Postgres) |
+------------------------+
            |
            v
+-------------------------------+
| 对象存储 (S3/MinIO) / 邮件/短信 |
+-------------------------------+

GET /api/vehicles
GET /api/vehicles/{id}
POST /api/vehicles
PUT /api/vehicles/{id}
DELETE /api/vehicles/{id}
GET /api/vehicles/{id}/violations
POST /api/vehicles/{id}/violations
PUT /api/violations/{id}
GET /api/violations/{id}
POST /api/vehicles/{id}/maintenance
GET /api/vehicles/{id}/maintenance
POST /api/vehicles/{id}/inspection
POST /api/vehicles/{id}/insurance

-- 车辆表
CREATE TABLE vehicle (
  id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
  plate_no VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL UNIQUE,
  vin VARCHAR(50),
  brand VARCHAR(50),
  model VARCHAR(50),
  purchase_date DATE,
  dept_id INT,
  driver_id INT,
  status VARCHAR(20) DEFAULT 'active',
  mileage INT DEFAULT 0,
  created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT now(),
  updated_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT now()
);
-- 违章表
CREATE TABLE violation (
  id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
  vehicle_id INT REFERENCES vehicle(id),
  occ_time TIMESTAMP NOT NULL,
  location TEXT,
  violation_type VARCHAR(100),
  fine_amount NUMERIC(10,2),
  points INT,
  status VARCHAR(20) DEFAULT 'pending',
  evidence_urls TEXT[],
  remarks TEXT,
  created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT now()
);
-- 年检表
CREATE TABLE inspection (
  id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
  vehicle_id INT REFERENCES vehicle(id),
  last_inspection_time TIMESTAMP,
  valid_until DATE,
  certificate_url TEXT,
  status VARCHAR(20),
  created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT now()
);
-- 维修表
CREATE TABLE maintenance (
  id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
  vehicle_id INT REFERENCES vehicle(id),
  maintenance_time TIMESTAMP,
  vendor VARCHAR(200),
  items JSONB,
  amount NUMERIC(12,2),
  mileage INT,
  invoice_url TEXT,
  status VARCHAR(20),
  created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT now()
);
-- 保险表
CREATE TABLE insurance (
  id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
  vehicle_id INT REFERENCES vehicle(id),
  insurer VARCHAR(200),
  policy_no VARCHAR(100),
  start_date DATE,
  end_date DATE,
  premium NUMERIC(12,2),
  claims JSONB,
  created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT now()
);

// entities/Vehicle.ts
import { Entity, PrimaryGeneratedColumn, Column, CreateDateColumn, UpdateDateColumn } from 'typeorm';
@Entity()
export class Vehicle {
  @PrimaryGeneratedColumn()
  id: number;
  @Column({ unique: true })
  plate_no: string;
  @Column({ nullable: true })
  vin: string;
  @Column({ nullable: true })
  brand: string;
  @Column({ nullable: true })
  model: string;
  @Column({ type: 'date', nullable: true })
  purchase_date: string;
  @Column({ default: 'active' })
  status: string;
  @Column({ type: 'int', default: 0 })
  mileage: number;
  @CreateDateColumn()
  created_at: Date;
  @UpdateDateColumn()
  updated_at: Date;
}

// ViolationForm.jsx (简化)
import React, { useState } from 'react';
import axios from 'axios';
export default function ViolationForm({ vehicleId }) {
  const [form, setForm] = useState({
    occ_time: '',
    location: '',
    violation_type: '',
    fine_amount: '',
    evidence: null
  });
  const handleFile = (e) => setForm({...form, evidence: e.target.files[0]});
  const submit = async () => {
    // 1. 上传附件 获取 URL（请求后端返回 presigned url 或直接上传）
    let evidence_urls = [];
    if (form.evidence) {
      const fd = new FormData();
      fd.append('file', form.evidence);
      const r = await axios.post('/api/upload', fd); // 后端处理并返回 fileUrl
      evidence_urls.push(r.data.url);
    }
    // 2. 提交违章
    await axios.post(`/api/vehicles/${vehicleId}/violations`, {
      occ_time: form.occ_time,
      location: form.location,
      violation_type: form.violation_type,
      fine_amount: parseFloat(form.fine_amount || 0),
      evidence_urls
    });
    alert('提交成功');
  };
  return (
    <div>
      <h3>违章登记</h3>
      <input type="datetime-local" value={form.occ_time} onChange={e=>setForm({...form, occ_time:e.target.value})}/>
      <input placeholder="地点" value={form.location} onChange={e=>setForm({...form, location:e.target.value})}/>
      <input placeholder="违章项" value={form.violation_type} onChange={e=>setForm({...form, violation_type:e.target.value})}/>
      <input placeholder="罚款金额" value={form.fine_amount} onChange={e=>setForm({...form, fine_amount:e.target.value})}/>
      <input type="file" onChange={handleFile}/>
      <button onClick={submit}>提交</button>
    </div>
  );
}