gtest测试框架使用详解_vstest和gtest比较

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发布于 2022-11-10 21:08:23

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发布于 2022-11-10 21:08:23

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很早就接触了google C/C++自动化测试框架gtest, 现在偶然用起有时候还需要简单温习下步骤。今天在这里做下简单使用记录。

1. 使用版本

gtest-1.7.0

2. gtest 安装

./configure

make

3. 测试自带的用例

gtest工具自带的测试用例放在了目录samples下

[wln@localhost gtest-1.7.0]$ cd samples/ [wln@localhost samples]$ ll 总计 148 -rw-rw-r– 1 wln wln 887 09-25 16:57 libsamples.la -r–r–r– 1 wln wln 4072 2013-09-19 prime_tables.h -r–r–r– 1 wln wln 5053 2013-09-19 sample10_unittest.cc -r–r–r– 1 wln wln 2502 2013-09-19 sample1.cc -r–r–r– 1 wln wln 1937 2013-09-19 sample1.h -rw-rw-r– 1 wln wln 303 09-25 16:57 sample1.lo -rw-rw-r– 1 wln wln 3004 09-25 16:57 sample1.o -r–r–r– 1 wln wln 5129 2013-09-19 sample1_unittest.cc -r–r–r– 1 wln wln 2298 2013-09-19 sample2.cc -r–r–r– 1 wln wln 3006 2013-09-19 sample2.h -rw-rw-r– 1 wln wln 303 09-25 16:57 sample2.lo -rw-rw-r– 1 wln wln 4236 09-25 16:57 sample2.o -r–r–r– 1 wln wln 3926 2013-09-19 sample2_unittest.cc -r–r–r– 1 wln wln 5365 2013-09-19 sample3-inl.h -r–r–r– 1 wln wln 5351 2013-09-19 sample3_unittest.cc -r–r–r– 1 wln wln 1927 2013-09-19 sample4.cc -r–r–r– 1 wln wln 2083 2013-09-19 sample4.h -rw-rw-r– 1 wln wln 303 09-25 16:57 sample4.lo -rw-rw-r– 1 wln wln 5028 09-25 16:57 sample4.o -r–r–r– 1 wln wln 1909 2013-09-19 sample4_unittest.cc -r–r–r– 1 wln wln 6590 2013-09-19 sample5_unittest.cc -r–r–r– 1 wln wln 8989 2013-09-19 sample6_unittest.cc -r–r–r– 1 wln wln 5099 2013-09-19 sample7_unittest.cc -r–r–r– 1 wln wln 6944 2013-09-19 sample8_unittest.cc -r–r–r– 1 wln wln 5951 2013-09-19 sample9_unittest.cc

进入make目录下

[wln@localhost make]$ ll 总计 4 -r–r–r– 1 wln wln 2753 2013-09-19 Makefile

执行操作 [wln@localhost make]$ make g++ -isystem ../include -g -Wall -Wextra -pthread -c ../samples/sample1.cc g++ -isystem ../include -g -Wall -Wextra -pthread -c ../samples/sample1_unittest.cc g++ -isystem ../include -I.. -g -Wall -Wextra -pthread -c \ ../src/gtest-all.cc In file included from ../src/gtest-all.cc:43: ../src/gtest.cc:370: 警告：成员‘testing::internal::MutexBase::owner_’缺少初始值设定 g++ -isystem ../include -I.. -g -Wall -Wextra -pthread -c \ ../src/gtest_main.cc ar rv gtest_main.a gtest-all.o gtest_main.o ar: creating gtest_main.a a – gtest-all.o a – gtest_main.o g++ -isystem ../include -g -Wall -Wextra -pthread -lpthread sample1.o sample1_unittest.o gtest_main.a -o sample1_unittest [wln@localhost make]$ ll 总计 5192 -rw-rw-r– 1 wln wln 1797004 09-25 16:57 gtest-all.o -rw-rw-r– 1 wln wln 1951104 09-25 16:57 gtest_main.a -rw-rw-r– 1 wln wln 48284 09-25 16:57 gtest_main.o -r–r–r– 1 wln wln 2753 2013-09-19 Makefile -rw-rw-r– 1 wln wln 2684 09-25 16:57 sample1.o -rwxrwxr-x 1 wln wln 1289739 09-25 16:57 sample1_unittest -rw-rw-r– 1 wln wln 197680 09-25 16:57 sample1_unittest.o

进行测试 [wln@localhost make]$ ./sample1_unittest Running main() from gtest_main.cc [==========] Running 6 tests from 2 test cases. [———-] Global test environment set-up. [———-] 3 tests from FactorialTest [ RUN ] FactorialTest.Negative [ OK ] FactorialTest.Negative (0 ms) [ RUN ] FactorialTest.Zero [ OK ] FactorialTest.Zero (0 ms) [ RUN ] FactorialTest.Positive [ OK ] FactorialTest.Positive (0 ms) [———-] 3 tests from FactorialTest (0 ms total)

[———-] 3 tests from IsPrimeTest [ RUN ] IsPrimeTest.Negative [ OK ] IsPrimeTest.Negative (0 ms) [ RUN ] IsPrimeTest.Trivial [ OK ] IsPrimeTest.Trivial (0 ms) [ RUN ] IsPrimeTest.Positive [ OK ] IsPrimeTest.Positive (0 ms) [———-] 3 tests from IsPrimeTest (0 ms total)

[———-] Global test environment tear-down [==========] 6 tests from 2 test cases ran. (1 ms total) [ PASSED ] 6 tests.

ok, 测试自带用例完毕，具体测试内容请参考sample1.cc，sample1.h，sample1_unittest.cc

4. 手动编写测试用例

首先需要知道gtest测试框架所自带的函数等内容应该怎么使用，比如EXPECT_EQ()，单元测试用例名称TEST(fun1,fun1_test) 其中TEST是格式写法，fun1可以称为单元测试用例标识符，fun1_test则为要测试的函数名称。具体内容自行查看。

文件fun.h

#ifndef __FUN_H
#define __FUN_H
int fun_test(char *buf);
int add(int a, int b);
#endif

文件fun.cc

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "fun.h"
int fun_test(char *buf)
{
    if(buf == NULL)
    {
        printf("error occur.\n");
        abort();
    }
    printf("%s\n",buf);
    return strlen(buf);
}

int add(int a, int b)
{
    return a+b;
}

文件fun_unittest.cc

#include "fun.h"
#include <gtest/gtest.h>
TEST(fun,fun_test)
{
    //fun_test(NULL);
    fun_test("hello world");
}


TEST(fun3,add)
{
    EXPECT_EQ(2,add(1,2));
    
}

5. 手动编译测试

fun.o文件：

[wln@localhost samples]$ gcc -c fun.h fun.cc

可执行文件 fun_unittest

[wln@localhost samples]$ g++ -g -Wall -o fun_unittest fun.o fun_unittest.cc ../make/gtest_main.a -I/home/wln/gtest/gtest-1.7.0/include -lpthread fun_unittest.cc: In member function ‘virtual void fun_fun_test_Test::TestBody()’: fun_unittest.cc:6: 警告：不建议使用从字符串常量到‘char*’的转换 [wln@localhost samples]$ ll 总计 1876 -rw-r–r– 1 wln wln 278 09-25 17:12 fun.cc -rw-r–r– 1 wln wln 87 09-25 17:19 fun.h -rw-rw-r– 1 wln wln 635112 09-25 17:23 fun.h.gch -rw-rw-r– 1 wln wln 1220 09-25 17:23 fun.o -rwxrwxr-x 1 wln wln 1256752 09-25 17:26 fun_unittest -rw-r–r– 1 wln wln 170 09-25 17:13 fun_unittest.cc [wln@localhost samples]$ ./fun_unittest Running main() from gtest_main.cc [==========] Running 2 tests from 2 test cases. [———-] Global test environment set-up. [———-] 1 test from fun [ RUN ] fun.fun_test hello world [ OK ] fun.fun_test (0 ms) [———-] 1 test from fun (1 ms total)

[———-] 1 test from fun3 [ RUN ] fun3.add fun_unittest.cc:12: Failure Value of: add(1,2) Actual: 3 Expected: 2 [ FAILED ] fun3.add (0 ms) [———-] 1 test from fun3 (0 ms total)

[———-] Global test environment tear-down [==========] 2 tests from 2 test cases ran. (1 ms total) [ PASSED ] 1 test. [ FAILED ] 1 test, listed below: [ FAILED ] fun3.add

1 FAILED TEST

6. 利用Makefile

Makefile文件

# A sample Makefile for building Google Test and using it in user
# tests.  Please tweak it to suit your environment and project.  You
# may want to move it to your project's root directory.
#
# SYNOPSIS:
#
#   make [all]  - makes everything.
#   make TARGET - makes the given target.
#   make clean  - removes all files generated by make.
# Please tweak the following variable definitions as needed by your
# project, except GTEST_HEADERS, which you can use in your own targets
# but shouldn't modify.
# Points to the root of Google Test, relative to where this file is.
# Remember to tweak this if you move this file.
GTEST_DIR = ..
# Where to find user code.
USER_DIR = ../samples
# Flags passed to the preprocessor.
# Set Google Test's header directory as a system directory, such that
# the compiler doesn't generate warnings in Google Test headers.
CPPFLAGS += -isystem $(GTEST_DIR)/include
# Flags passed to the C++ compiler.
CXXFLAGS += -g -Wall -Wextra -pthread
# All tests produced by this Makefile.  Remember to add new tests you
# created to the list.
TESTS = fun_unittest
# All Google Test headers.  Usually you shouldn't change this
# definition.
GTEST_HEADERS = $(GTEST_DIR)/include/gtest/*.h \
$(GTEST_DIR)/include/gtest/internal/*.h
# House-keeping build targets.
all : $(TESTS)
clean :
rm -f $(TESTS) gtest.a gtest_main.a *.o
# Builds gtest.a and gtest_main.a.
# Usually you shouldn't tweak such internal variables, indicated by a
# trailing _.
GTEST_SRCS_ = $(GTEST_DIR)/src/*.cc $(GTEST_DIR)/src/*.h $(GTEST_HEADERS)
# For simplicity and to avoid depending on Google Test's
# implementation details, the dependencies specified below are
# conservative and not optimized.  This is fine as Google Test
# compiles fast and for ordinary users its source rarely changes.
gtest-all.o : $(GTEST_SRCS_)
$(CXX) $(CPPFLAGS) -I$(GTEST_DIR) $(CXXFLAGS) -c \
$(GTEST_DIR)/src/gtest-all.cc
gtest_main.o : $(GTEST_SRCS_)
$(CXX) $(CPPFLAGS) -I$(GTEST_DIR) $(CXXFLAGS) -c \
$(GTEST_DIR)/src/gtest_main.cc
gtest.a : gtest-all.o
$(AR) $(ARFLAGS) $@ $^
gtest_main.a : gtest-all.o gtest_main.o
$(AR) $(ARFLAGS) $@ $^
# Builds a sample test.  A test should link with either gtest.a or
# gtest_main.a, depending on whether it defines its own main()
# function.
fun.o : $(USER_DIR)/fun.cc $(USER_DIR)/fun.h $(GTEST_HEADERS)
$(CXX) $(CPPFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) -c $(USER_DIR)/fun.cc
fun_unittest.o : $(USER_DIR)/fun_unittest.cc  \
$(USER_DIR)/fun.h $(GTEST_HEADERS)
$(CXX) $(CPPFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) -c $(USER_DIR)/fun_unittest.cc
fun_unittest : fun.o fun_unittest.o gtest_main.a
$(CXX) $(CPPFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) -lpthread $^ -o $@

执行测试

[wln@localhost make]$ make g++ -isystem ../include -g -Wall -Wextra -pthread -c ../samples/fun.cc g++ -isystem ../include -g -Wall -Wextra -pthread -c ../samples/fun_unittest.cc ../samples/fun_unittest.cc: In member function ‘virtual void fun_fun_test_Test::TestBody()’: ../samples/fun_unittest.cc:6: 警告：不建议使用从字符串常量到‘char*’的转换 g++ -isystem ../include -I.. -g -Wall -Wextra -pthread -c \ ../src/gtest-all.cc In file included from ../src/gtest-all.cc:43: ../src/gtest.cc:370: 警告：成员‘testing::internal::MutexBase::owner_’缺少初始值设定 g++ -isystem ../include -I.. -g -Wall -Wextra -pthread -c \ ../src/gtest_main.cc ar rv gtest_main.a gtest-all.o gtest_main.o ar: creating gtest_main.a a – gtest-all.o a – gtest_main.o g++ -isystem ../include -g -Wall -Wextra -pthread -lpthread fun.o fun_unittest.o gtest_main.a -o fun_unittest

[wln@localhost make]$ ./fun_unittest Running main() from gtest_main.cc [==========] Running 2 tests from 2 test cases. [———-] Global test environment set-up. [———-] 1 test from fun [ RUN ] fun.fun_test hello world [ OK ] fun.fun_test (0 ms) [———-] 1 test from fun (0 ms total)

[———-] 1 test from fun3 [ RUN ] fun3.add ../samples/fun_unittest.cc:12: Failure Value of: add(1,2) Actual: 3 Expected: 2 [ FAILED ] fun3.add (0 ms) [———-] 1 test from fun3 (0 ms total)

[———-] Global test environment tear-down [==========] 2 tests from 2 test cases ran. (0 ms total) [ PASSED ] 1 test. [ FAILED ] 1 test, listed below: [ FAILED ] fun3.add

1 FAILED TEST

gtest测试框架的使用粗略的介绍完了，达到能用的目的，用好还需要多阅读相关内容。

参考：

1.http://www.cnblogs.com/coderzh/archive/2009/03/31/1426758.html

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原始发表：2022年9月29日，如有侵权请联系 cloudcommunity@tencent.com 删除

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