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httprunner 3.x学习8 - variables变量声明与引用

上海-悠悠

发布于 2021-06-24 14:21:36

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文章被收录于专栏：从零开始学自动化测试从零开始学自动化测试

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代码可运行

前言

在 HttpRunner 中，支持变量声明（variables）和引用（$var）的机制

区别在于

在 config 中定义的变量为全局的，整个测试用例（testcase）的所有地方均可以引用；
在 step 中定义的变量作用域仅局限于当前测试步骤（teststep）

环境：httprunner==3.1.4

step 局部变量

在登录案例中，账号和密码是写死的，一般写用例的时候，我们最好把这种可能会变的参数单独写个变量。做到测试数据和代码的分离，以便后续维护。如果我们在步骤（step)下声明的变量，作用域只在当前步骤（step)下有效。声明变量用 variables，变量和对应值用键值对，如

teststeps:
-
    name: step login
    variables:
        user: test
        psw: "123456"

引用 user 和 psw 变量用 $user,$ psw, 完整的 login_var.yml 脚本如下

config:
    name: login case
    base_url: http://127.0.0.1:8000
    export:
    - token

teststeps:
-
    name: step login
    variables:
        user: test
        psw: "123456"
    request:
        url: /api/v1/login
        method: POST
        json:
            username: $user
            password: $psw
    extract:
        token: content.token
    validate:
        - eq: [status_code, 200]
        - eq: [content.code, 0]
        - eq: [content.msg, login success!]
        - len_eq: [content.token, 40]

pytest 脚本设置变量用with_variables()方法

Step(
            RunRequest("step login")
            .with_variables(**{"user": "test", "psw": "123456"})

完整的 pytest 脚本 login_var_test.py

# NOTE: Generated By HttpRunner v3.1.4
# FROM: login_var.yml

from httprunner import HttpRunner, Config, Step, RunRequest, RunTestCase

class TestCaseLoginVar(HttpRunner):

    config = (
        Config("login case").base_url("http://127.0.0.1:8000").export(*["token"])
    )

    teststeps = [
        Step(
            RunRequest("step login")
            .with_variables(**{"user": "test", "psw": "123456"})
            .post("/api/v1/login")
            .with_json({"username": "$user", "password": "$psw"})
            .extract()
            .with_jmespath("body.token", "token")
            .validate()
            .assert_equal("status_code", 200)
            .assert_equal("body.code", 0)
            .assert_equal("body.msg", "login success!")
            .assert_length_equal("body.token", 40)
        ),
    ]

if __name__ == "__main__":
    TestCaseLoginVar().test_start()

config 全局变量

在config下声明变量(variables)是全局变量，这样就在整个.yml文件生效了,yml格式如下

config:
    name: logincase
    variables:
        user: test
        psw: "123456"

teststeps中，有多个 step 都需要引用账号 user, 于是可以直接引用 config 的变量$user

config:
    name: logincase
    variables:
        user: test
        psw: "123456"
    base_url: http://127.0.0.1:8000
    export:
    - token

teststeps:
-
    name: step1 login
    request:
        url: /api/v1/login/
        method: POST
        headers:
            Content-Type: application/json
            User-Agent: python-requests/2.18.4
        json:
            username: $user
            password: $psw
    extract:
        token: content.token         # 提取token
    validate:
        - eq: [status_code, 200]
        - eq: [headers.Content-Type, application/json]
        - eq: [content.msg, login success!]
        - eq: [content.code, 0]
-
    name: step2 get user info
    request:
        url: /api/v1/userinfo/
        method: GET
        headers:
            Content-Type: application/json
            User-Agent: python-requests/2.18.4
            Authorization: Token $token          # 引用token
    validate:
        - eq: [content.code, 0]
        - eq: [content.data.0.name, $user]

pytest完整脚本

# NOTE: Generated By HttpRunner v3.1.4
# FROM: userinfo_var.yml

from httprunner import HttpRunner, Config, Step, RunRequest, RunTestCase

class TestCaseUserinfoVar(HttpRunner):

    config = (
        Config("logincase")
        .variables(**{"user": "test", "psw": "123456"})
        .base_url("http://127.0.0.1:8000")
        .export(*["token"])
    )

    teststeps = [
        Step(
            RunRequest("step1 login")
            .post("/api/v1/login/")
            .with_headers(
                **{
                    "Content-Type": "application/json",
                    "User-Agent": "python-requests/2.18.4",
                }
            )
            .with_json({"username": "$user", "password": "$psw"})
            .extract()
            .with_jmespath("body.token", "token")
            .validate()
            .assert_equal("status_code", 200)
            .assert_equal('headers."Content-Type"', "application/json")
            .assert_equal("body.msg", "login success!")
            .assert_equal("body.code", 0)
        ),
        Step(
            RunRequest("step2 get user info")
            .get("/api/v1/userinfo/")
            .with_headers(
                **{
                    "Content-Type": "application/json",
                    "User-Agent": "python-requests/2.18.4",
                    "Authorization": "Token $token",
                }
            )
            .validate()
            .assert_equal("body.code", 0)
            .assert_equal("body.data[0].name", "$user")
        ),
    ]

if __name__ == "__main__":
    TestCaseUserinfoVar().test_start()

变量优先级

原则上config 变量和 step 变量名称尽量不要重复，当config和step中都用同一个变量时，step变量优先级大于config变量

config:
    name: login case
    variables:
        user: test
        psw: "123456"
    base_url: http://127.0.0.1:8000
    export:
    - token

teststeps:
-
    name: step login
    variables:
        user: test1
        psw: "123456"

pytest 对应的脚本

from httprunner import HttpRunner, Config, Step, RunRequest, RunTestCase

class TestCaseLoginVar(HttpRunner):

    config = (
        Config("login case")
        .variables(**{"user": "test", "psw": "123456"})
        .base_url("http://127.0.0.1:8000")
        .export(*["token"])
    )

    teststeps = [
        Step(
            RunRequest("step login")
            .with_variables(**{"user": "test1", "psw": "123456"})