Zookeeper是一个开源的分布式的,为分布式应用提供协调服务的Apache项目。
提供的服务包括:统一命名服务、统一配置管理、统一集群管理、服务器节点动态上下线、软负载均衡等。 统一命名服务
统一配置管理
统一集群管理
服务器节点动态上下线
软负载均衡
1、官网首页: https://zookeeper.apache.org/
2、下载截图,如下图所示
1、安装前准备 (1)安装jdk (2)拷贝Zookeeper安装包到Linux系统下 (3)解压到指定目录
[atguigu@hadoop102 software]$ tar -zxvf zookeeper-3.4.10.tar.gz -C /opt/module/
2、配置修改 (1)将/opt/module/zookeeper-3.4.10/conf/这个路径下的zoo_sample.cfg修改为zoo.cfg;
[atguigu@hadoop102 conf]$ pwd
/opt/module/zookeeper-3.4.10/conf
[atguigu@hadoop102 conf]$ mv zoo_sample.cfg zoo.cfg
(2)打开zoo.cfg文件,修改dataDir路径:
[atguigu@hadoop102 zookeeper-3.4.10]$ vim zoo.cfg
修改如下内容:
dataDir=/opt/module/zookeeper-3.4.10/zkData
(3)在/opt/module/zookeeper-3.4.10/这个目录上创建zkData文件夹
[atguigu@hadoop102 zookeeper-3.4.10]$ mkdir zkData
3、操作Zookeeper (1)启动Zookeeper:
[atguigu@hadoop102 zookeeper-3.4.10]$ bin/zkServer.sh start
(2)查看进程是否启动:
[atguigu@hadoop102 zookeeper-3.4.10]$ jps
4020 Jps
4001 QuorumPeerMain
(3)查看状态:
[atguigu@hadoop102 zookeeper-3.4.10]$ bin/zkServer.sh status
ZooKeeper JMX enabled by default
Using config: /opt/module/zookeeper-3.4.10/bin/../conf/zoo.cfg
Mode: standalone
(4)启动客户端:
[atguigu@hadoop102 zookeeper-3.4.10]$ bin/zkCli.sh
(5)退出客户端:
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 0] quit
(6)停止Zookeeper服务:
[atguigu@hadoop102 zookeeper-3.4.10]$ bin/zkServer.sh stop
Zookeeper中的配置文件zoo.cfg中参数含义解读如下:
心跳机制
,并且设置最小的session超时时间为两倍心跳时间。(session的最小超时时间是2*tickTime)Follower跟随者服务器
与Leader领导者服务器
之间初始连接时能容忍的最多心跳数(tickTime的数量),用它来限定集群中的Zookeeper服务器连接到Leader的时限。1)半数机制:集群中半数以上机器存活,集群可用。所以Zookeeper适合安装奇数台服务器。
内部的选举机制
临时产生的。
10)dataLength - znode的数据长度
11)numChildren - znode子节点数量
1、集群规划 在hadoop102、hadoop103和hadoop104三个节点上部署Zookeeper。 2、解压安装 (1)解压Zookeeper安装包到/opt/module/目录下
[atguigu@hadoop102 software]$ tar -zxvf zookeeper-3.4.10.tar.gz -C /opt/module/
(2)同步/opt/module/zookeeper-3.4.10/目录内容到hadoop103、hadoop104
[atguigu@hadoop102 module]$ xsync zookeeper-3.4.10/
3、配置服务器编号 (1)在/opt/module/zookeeper-3.4.10/这个目录下创建zkData
[atguigu@hadoop102 zookeeper-3.4.10]$ mkdir -p zkData
(2)在/opt/module/zookeeper-3.4.10/zkData目录下创建一个myid的文件
[atguigu@hadoop102 zkData]$ touch myid
添加myid文件,注意一定要在linux里面创建,在notepad++里面很可能乱码。 (3)编辑myid文件
[atguigu@hadoop102 zkData]$ vim myid
在文件中添加与server对应的编号:
2
(4)拷贝配置好的zookeeper到其他机器上
[atguigu@hadoop102 zkData]$ xsync myid
并分别在hadoop102、hadoop103上修改myid文件中内容为3、4 4、配置zoo.cfg文件 (1)重命名/opt/module/zookeeper-3.4.10/conf这个目录下的zoo_sample.cfg为zoo.cfg
[atguigu@hadoop102 conf]$ mv zoo_sample.cfg zoo.cfg
(2)打开zoo.cfg文件
[atguigu@hadoop102 conf]$ vim zoo.cfg
修改数据存储路径配置
dataDir=/opt/module/zookeeper-3.4.10/zkData
增加如下配置
#######################cluster##########################
server.2=hadoop102:2888:3888
server.3=hadoop103:2888:3888
server.4=hadoop104:2888:3888
(3)同步zoo.cfg配置文件
[atguigu@hadoop102 conf]$ xsync zoo.cfg
(4)配置参数解读
server.A=B:C:D。
A是一个数字,表示这个是第几号服务器;
集群模式下配置一个文件myid,这个文件在dataDir目录下,这个文件里面有一个数据就是A的值,Zookeeper启动时读取此文件,拿到里面的数据与zoo.cfg里面的配置信息比较从而判断到底是哪个server。
B是这个服务器的ip地址;
C是这个服务器与集群中的Leader服务器交换信息
的端口;
D是万一集群中的Leader服务器挂了,需要一个端口来重新进行选举,选出一个新的Leader,而这个端口就是用来执行选举时
服务器相互通信的端口。
4、集群操作 (1)分别启动Zookeeper
[atguigu@hadoop102 zookeeper-3.4.10]$ bin/zkServer.sh start
[atguigu@hadoop103 zookeeper-3.4.10]$ bin/zkServer.sh start
[atguigu@hadoop104 zookeeper-3.4.10]$ bin/zkServer.sh start
(2)查看状态
[atguigu@hadoop102 zookeeper-3.4.10]# bin/zkServer.sh status
JMX enabled by default
Using config: /opt/module/zookeeper-3.4.10/bin/../conf/zoo.cfg
Mode: follower
[atguigu@hadoop103 zookeeper-3.4.10]# bin/zkServer.sh status
JMX enabled by default
Using config: /opt/module/zookeeper-3.4.10/bin/../conf/zoo.cfg
Mode: leader
[atguigu@hadoop104 zookeeper-3.4.5]# bin/zkServer.sh status
JMX enabled by default
Using config: /opt/module/zookeeper-3.4.10/bin/../conf/zoo.cfg
Mode: follower
1、启动客户端
[atguigu@hadoop103 zookeeper-3.4.10]$ bin/zkCli.sh
2、显示所有操作命令
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 1] help
3、查看当前znode中所包含的内容
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 0] ls /
[zookeeper]
4、查看当前节点详细数据
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 1] ls2 /
[zookeeper]
cZxid = 0x0
ctime = Thu Jan 01 08:00:00 CST 1970
mZxid = 0x0
mtime = Thu Jan 01 08:00:00 CST 1970
pZxid = 0x0
cversion = -1
dataVersion = 0
aclVersion = 0
ephemeralOwner = 0x0
dataLength = 0
numChildren = 1
5、分别创建2个普通节点
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 3] create /sanguo "zhuge"
Created /sanguo
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 4] create /sanguo/shuguo "liubei"
Created /sanguo/shuguo
6、获得节点的值
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 5] get /sanguo
zhuge
cZxid = 0x100000003
ctime = Wed Aug 29 00:03:23 CST 2018
mZxid = 0x100000003
mtime = Wed Aug 29 00:03:23 CST 2018
pZxid = 0x100000004
cversion = 1
dataVersion = 0
aclVersion = 0
ephemeralOwner = 0x0
dataLength = 7
numChildren = 1
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 6]
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 6] get /sanguo/shuguo
liubei
cZxid = 0x100000004
ctime = Wed Aug 29 00:04:35 CST 2018
mZxid = 0x100000004
mtime = Wed Aug 29 00:04:35 CST 2018
pZxid = 0x100000004
cversion = 0
dataVersion = 0
aclVersion = 0
ephemeralOwner = 0x0
dataLength = 6
numChildren = 0
7、创建短暂节点
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 7] create -e /sanguo/wuguo "zhouyu"
Created /sanguo/wuguo
(1)在当前客户端是能查看到的
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 3] ls /sanguo
[wuguo, shuguo]
(2)退出当前客户端然后再重启客户端
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 12] quit
[atguigu@hadoop104 zookeeper-3.4.10]$ bin/zkCli.sh
(3)再次查看根目录下短暂节点已经删除
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 0] ls /sanguo
[shuguo]
8、创建带序号的节点 (1)先创建一个普通的根节点/sanguo/weiguo
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 1] create /sanguo/weiguo "caocao"
Created /sanguo/weiguo
(2)创建带序号的节点
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 2] create -s /sanguo/weiguo/xiaoqiao "jinlian"
Created /sanguo/weiguo/xiaoqiao0000000000
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 3] create -s /sanguo/weiguo/daqiao "jinlian2"
Created /sanguo/weiguo/daqiao0000000001
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 4] create -s /sanguo/weiguo/diaocan "jinlian3"
Created /sanguo/weiguo/diaocan0000000002
如果原来没有序号节点,序号从0开始依次递增。如果原节点下已有2个节点,则再排序时从2开始,以此类推。 9、修改节点数据值
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 6] set /sanguo/weiguo "simayi"
10、节点的值变化监听 (1)在hadoop104主机上注册监听/sanguo节点数据变化
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 8] get /sanguo watch
(2)在hadoop103主机上修改/sanguo节点的数据
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 1] set /sanguo "xisi"
(3)观察hadoop104主机收到数据变化的监听
WATCHER::
WatchedEvent state:SyncConnected type:NodeDataChanged path:/sanguo
注意:该注册监听一次,那么就只生效一次。下次需要重新注册。 11、节点的子节点变化监听(路径变化) (1)在hadoop104主机上注册监听/sanguo节点的子节点变化
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 1] ls /sanguo watch
[aa0000000001, server101]
(2)在hadoop103主机/sanguo节点上创建子节点
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 2] create /sanguo/jin "simayi"
Created /sanguo/jin
(3)观察hadoop104主机收到子节点变化的监听
WATCHER::
WatchedEvent state:SyncConnected type:NodeChildrenChanged path:/sanguo
注意:该注册监听一次,那么就只生效一次。下次需要重新注册。 12、删除节点
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 4] delete /sanguo/jin
13、递归删除节点
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 15] rmr /sanguo/shuguo
14、查看节点状态
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 17] stat /sanguo
cZxid = 0x100000003
ctime = Wed Aug 29 00:03:23 CST 2018
mZxid = 0x100000011
mtime = Wed Aug 29 00:21:23 CST 2018
pZxid = 0x100000014
cversion = 9
dataVersion = 1
aclVersion = 0
ephemeralOwner = 0x0
dataLength = 4
numChildren = 1
1、创建一个Maven工程 2、添加pom文件
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j-core</artifactId>
<version>2.8.2</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.zookeeper/zookeeper -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.zookeeper</groupId>
<artifactId>zookeeper</artifactId>
<version>3.4.10</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
3、拷贝log4j.properties文件到项目根目录 需要在项目的src/main/resources目录下,新建一个文件,命名为“log4j.properties”,在文件中填入。
log4j.rootLogger=INFO, stdout
log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%d %p [%c] - %m%n
log4j.appender.logfile=org.apache.log4j.FileAppender
log4j.appender.logfile.File=target/spring.log
log4j.appender.logfile.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.logfile.layout.ConversionPattern=%d %p [%c] - %m%n
/**
* 创建ZooKeeper客户端
* @throws IOException
*/
@Before
public void init() throws IOException {
zkClient = new ZooKeeper(connectString, sessionTimeout, new Watcher() {
public void process(WatchedEvent event) {
// 再次启动监听
try {
zkClient.getChildren("/", true);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
});
}
/**
* 创建子节点
* @throws Exception
*/
@Test
public void create() throws Exception {
// 参数1:要创建的节点的路径; 参数2:节点数据 ; 参数3:节点权限 ;参数4:节点的类型
String nodeCreated = zkClient.create("/atguigu", "jinlian".getBytes(), Ids.OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE,CreateMode.PERSISTENT);
System.out.println(nodeCreated);
}
/**
* 获取子节点并监听节点变化
* @throws Exception
*/
@Test
public void getChildren() throws Exception {
List<String> children = zkClient.getChildren("/", true);
for (String child : children) {
System.out.println(child);
}
// 延时阻塞
Thread.sleep(Long.MAX_VALUE);
}
/**
* 判断znode是否存在
* @throws Exception
*/
@Test
public void exist() throws Exception {
Stat stat = zkClient.exists("/eclipse", false);
System.out.println(stat == null ? "not exist" : "exist");
}
1、需求 某分布式系统中,主节点可以有多台,可以动态上下线,任意一台客户端都能实时感知到主节点服务器的上下线。 2、需求分析,如下图所示
3、具体实现 (0)先在集群上创建/servers节点
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 10] create /servers "servers"
Created /servers
(1)服务器端向Zookeeper注册代码
package com.atguigu.zookeeper;
import java.io.IOException;
import org.apache.zookeeper.CreateMode;
import org.apache.zookeeper.KeeperException;
import org.apache.zookeeper.WatchedEvent;
import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher;
import org.apache.zookeeper.ZooDefs.Ids;
import org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper;
public class DistributeServer {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, KeeperException, InterruptedException {
// 1、连接zookeeper集群
DistributeServer server = new DistributeServer();
server.getConnect();
// 2、注册服务器节点
server.registerServer(args[0]);
// 3、业务逻辑功能
server.business(args[0]);
}
private void business(String hostname) throws InterruptedException {
System.out.println(hostname + " is working ...");
Thread.sleep(Long.MAX_VALUE);
}
private String parentNode = "/servers";
private void registerServer(String hostname) throws KeeperException, InterruptedException {
String path = zkClient.create(parentNode + "/server", hostname.getBytes(), Ids.OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE, CreateMode.EPHEMERAL_SEQUENTIAL);
System.out.println(hostname + " is online " + path);
}
private String connectString = "hadoop102:2181,hadoop103:2181,hadoop104:2181";
private int sessionTimeout = 2000;
private ZooKeeper zkClient = null;
private void getConnect() throws IOException {
zkClient = new ZooKeeper(connectString, sessionTimeout, new Watcher() {
public void process(WatchedEvent event) {
}
});
}
}
(2)客户端代码
package com.atguigu.zookeeper;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import org.apache.zookeeper.KeeperException;
import org.apache.zookeeper.WatchedEvent;
import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher;
import org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper;
public class DistributeClient {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, KeeperException, InterruptedException {
// 1、连接zookeeper集群
DistributeClient client = new DistributeClient();
client.getConnect();
// 2、获取子节点并监听节点变化
client.getChildren();
// 3、业务逻辑功能
client.business();
}
private void business() throws InterruptedException {
System.out.println("client is working ...");
Thread.sleep(Long.MAX_VALUE);
}
private String parentNode = "/servers";
private void getChildren() throws KeeperException, InterruptedException {
// 1、获取服务器子节点信息,并且对父节点进行监听
List<String> children = zkClient.getChildren(parentNode , true);
// 2、存储服务器信息列表
ArrayList<String> hosts = new ArrayList<String>();
// 3、遍历所有节点,获取节点中的主机名称信息
for (String child : children) {
byte[] data = zkClient.getData(parentNode + "/" + child, false, null);
hosts.add(new String(data));
}
// 4、打印服务器列表信息
System.out.println(hosts);
}
private String connectString = "hadoop102:2181,hadoop103:2181,hadoop104:2181";
private int sessionTimeout = 2000;
private ZooKeeper zkClient = null;
private void getConnect() throws IOException {
zkClient = new ZooKeeper(connectString, sessionTimeout, new Watcher() {
public void process(WatchedEvent event) {
// 再次启动监听
try {
getChildren();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
});
}
}
详见3.1。
详见3.4。
(1)部署方式单机模式、集群模式。 (2)角色:Leader和Follower。 (3)集群最少需要机器数:3。
ls create get delete set ……