开始整理线程之前,之前有个命令忘记整理了,先整理一下jar命令的使用
其实可以理解是java的压缩包 方便使用,只要在classpath设置jar路径即可 数据库驱动,ssh框架等都是以jar包体现的
打包方式一:将指定的class文件打入到jar包中 jar cvf xxx.jar Xxx.class yyy.class
打包方式二:将某个目录下的所有文件打入到jar包中 jar cvf xxx.jar -C xxx/.
查看jar文件: jar -tf xxx.jar
运行jar包中的类: java -cp xxx.jar xx.xx.xx(完整的类名)
常用的jar命令参数: c:创建压缩文件 f:指定存档名称 v:显示详细信息 m:加入自定义清单
指定清单文件(xxx.jar/META-INF/MNIFEST.MF)的入口类 jar cvfe classess.jar com.zhaofan.PackagDemo1 classes/. 这样我们就可以通过java -jar xxx.jar直接执行
进程:运行时概念,运行的应用程序 线程:应用程序内部并发执行的代码段,共享内存
这里几个关键词 yield: 放弃cpu抢占权 join:等待指定的线程执行完 sleep:静态方法,让线程休眠毫秒数 daemo:守护线程
最简单的线程代码:
package study_java.ex9;
public class ThreadDemo1 {
public static void main(String[] args){
Mythread t1 = new Mythread();
t1.start();
}
}
class Mythread extends Thread{
public void run(){
while (true){
System.out.println("MyThread");
}
}
}
join的一个简单实用例子:
package study_java.ex9;
public class ThreadDemo2 {
public static void main(String[] args){
Player p1 = new Player("aa",5000);
Player p2 = new Player("bb",8000);
Player p3 = new Player("cc",2000);
Player p4 = new Player("dd",3000);
p1.start();
p2.start();
p3.start();
p4.start();
try{
p1.join();
p2.join();
p3.join();
p3.join();
}
catch (Exception e){
}
System.out.println("人到了,开始玩游戏");
}
}
class Player extends Thread{
private String name;
private int time;
public Player(String name, int time){
this.name = name;
this.time = time;
}
public void run(){
System.out.println("玩家:"+name + "出发了");
try{
Thread.sleep(time);
}
catch (Exception e){
}
System.out.println("玩家:"+name + "到了");
}
}
守护线程的一个使用例子
package study_java.ex9;
import java.util.Date;
public class ThraedDemo3 {
public static void main(String[] args){
Room r1 = new Room("no1",15000);
Waiter w1 = new Waiter();
//w1.setDaemon(true); 设置守护线程
r1.start();
w1.start();
}
}
class Room extends Thread{
private String no;
private int time;
public Room(String no, int time){
this.no = no;
this.time = time;
}
public void run(){
System.out.println("no" + "号房间正在唱歌");
try{
Thread.sleep(time);
}
catch (Exception e){
}
System.out.println("no" + "买单");
}
}
class Waiter extends Thread{
public Waiter(){
this.setDaemon(true);
}
public void run(){
while (true){
System.out.println(new java.util.Date());
try{
Thread.sleep(1000);
}
catch (Exception e){
}
}
}
}
任何一个对象都可以是锁,信号灯,其实就是一个参照物 一个锁的代码例子:
package study_java.ex9;
public class ThreadDemo4 {
public static void main(String[] args){
Saler s1 = new Saler("a1");
Saler s2 = new Saler("a2");
s1.start();
s2.start();
}
}
class Saler extends Thread{
// 锁
static Object lock = new Object();
static int tickts = 100;
private String name;
public Saler(String name){
this.name = name;
}
public void run(){
while (true){
int tick = getTickts();
if (tick > 0){
System.out.println(name+":"+ tick);
}
else {
return;
}
}
}
// 取票
public int getTickts(){
synchronized (lock){
int currTicket = tickts;
tickts --;
return currTicket;
}
}
}
还有一种方法是:
public static synchronized int getTickts(){
int currTicket = tickts;
tickts --;
return currTicket;
}
这样也能实现锁的机制,但是注意这里必须是static
我们整理一个新的写法,把票池单独写出来
public class ThreadDemo2 {
public static void main(String[] args){
TicketPool pool = new TicketPool();
Saler s1 = new Saler("s1",pool);
Saler s2 = new Saler("s2",pool);
s1.start();
s2.start();
}
}
// 票池
class TicketPool {
private int tickets = 100;
// 从票池取票
public synchronized int getTickets(){
int ticket = tickets;
tickets -= 1;
return ticket;
}
}
// 售票员
class Saler extends Thread{
private TicketPool pool = null;
private String name;
public Saler(String name, TicketPool tp){
this.name = name;
this.pool = tp;
}
public void run(){
while (true){
int no = pool.getTickets();
if (no > 0 ){
System.out.println(name + ":" + no);
}
else {
return;
}
}
}
}
两个小的练习熟悉上面知识点的使用: 车过山洞的问题,山洞同时只允许一个车通过,现在有多辆车,不同的车通过的时间不同,代码实现如下:
package study_java.ex11;
public class CarCave {
public static void main(String[] args){
Cave cave = new Cave();
Car car1 = new Car(cave,10000,"奥迪");
Car car2 = new Car(cave,8000,"奔驰");
Car car3 = new Car(cave,6000,"宝马");
Car car4 = new Car(cave,2000,"悍马");
car1.start();
car2.start();
car3.start();
car4.start();
}
}
class Cave{
public synchronized void crossCar(Car car){
try{
System.out.println(car.name+":开始过山洞了");
Thread.sleep(car.time);
System.out.println(car.name+":开始出山洞了");
}
catch (Exception e){
}
}
}
class Car extends Thread{
public Cave cave;
public int time;
public String name;
public Car(Cave cave ,int time,String name){
this.cave = cave;
this.time = time;
this.name = name;
}
public void run(){
cave.crossCar(this);
}
}
第二个小练习是我们经常遇到的场景,取票问题,现在有一个取票机,但是有五十个人要取票,实现代码如下:
package study_java.ex11;
public class TicketDemo1 {
public static void main(String[] args){
TicketMachine m = new TicketMachine();
for (int i=0;i<50;i++){
new Person(m,"tom"+i).start();
}
}
}
// 取票机
class TicketMachine{
private int ticketNo = 1;
// 打印票号
public synchronized int printTicktNo(){
int currTicketNo = ticketNo;
ticketNo ++;
return currTicketNo;
}
}
class Person extends Thread{
private TicketMachine m;
private String name;
public Person(TicketMachine m,String name) {
this.m = m;
this.name = name;
}
public void run(){
int no = m.printTicktNo();
System.out.println(name+ ":" + no);
}
}
通过上面的知识点,写一个生产者好消费者模型
package study_java.ex11;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;
public class PCDemo1 {
public static void main(String[] args){
MyList myList = new MyList();
Productor p = new Productor(myList);
Consumer c = new Consumer(myList);
Consumer c2 = new Consumer(myList);
Consumer c3 = new Consumer(myList);
p.start();
c.start();
c2.start();
c3.start();
}
}
class MyList{
private int Max = 100;
private List<Integer> list = new LinkedList<Integer>();
public void addLast(Integer i){
while (true){
synchronized (list){
if (list.size() < Max){
list.add(i);
return;
}
}
}
}
public Integer removeFirst(){
while (true){
synchronized (list){
if(!list.isEmpty()){
return list.remove(0);
}
}
}
}
}
class Productor extends Thread{
private MyList myList;
public Productor(MyList myList){
this.myList = myList;
}
public void run(){
int i = 1;
while (true){
myList.addLast(new Integer(i));
System.out.println("生产者生产了"+i+"号");
i++;
}
}
}
class Consumer extends Thread{
private MyList myList;
public Consumer(MyList myList){
this.myList = myList;
}
public void run(){
while (true){
int no = myList.removeFirst();
System.out.println("消费者消费了"+no+"号");
}
}
}
生产者消费者而改进版本:
package study_java.ex11;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;
public class PCDemo5 {
public static void main(String[] args){
Pool pool = new Pool();
Producter p1 = new Producter(pool);
Consumer c1 = new Consumer(pool);
p1.start();
c1.start();
}
}
class Pool{
private List<Integer> list = new LinkedList<Integer>();
private int Max = 100;
public void addLast(int n){
synchronized (this){
while (list.size() >= Max){
try{
this.wait();
}
catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
list.add(new Integer(n));
this.notifyAll();
}
}
public int remove(){
synchronized (this){
while (list.size() == 0){
try{
this.wait();
}
catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
int no = list.remove(0);
this.notifyAll();
return no;
}
}
}
// 生产者
class Producter extends Thread{
private Pool pool;
static int i = 1;
public Producter(Pool pool){
this.pool = pool;
}
public void run(){
while (true){
pool.addLast(i++);
System.out.println("生产者生产了"+i+"号");
}
}
}
// 消费者
class Consumer extends Thread{
private Pool pool;
public Consumer(Pool pool){
this.pool = pool;
}
public void run(){
while (true){
int no = pool.remove();
System.out.println("消费者消费了"+no+"号");
}
}
}
wait():让当前线程进入到锁对象的等待队列里,同时释放锁旗标。这个方法是当前锁对象的方法 wait这里还可以添加参数wait(int n) :等待指定的时间片,等待队列中的线程最多等待n毫秒
notify():这个方法是当前锁对象的方法,注意这里并不会释放锁 notifyAll():通知等待队列中的所有线程都可以抢占cpu运行,通知需要获得对象的监控权
sleep:当前CPU的抢占权,和锁对象的监控权无关。 Thread.currentThread().getName():获取当前线程名字 Thread.currentThread().setName():设置当前线程名字
priority:1-10从低到高,默认是5 Thread.currentThread().getPriority():设置当前线程优先级
线程状态: BLOCKED: 阻塞 NEW:新建 RUNNABL:执行 TERMINATED:已经终止 TIMED_WAITING:限时等待 WAITING:等待
创建一个线程的另外一种方式: 实现Runnable接口 1. 子类覆盖接口中的run方法 2. 通过Thread类创建线程,并将实现了Runnable接口的子类对象作为参数传递给Thread类的构造函数 3. Thread类对象调用start方法开启线程
代码例子如下:
package study_java.ex11;
public class RunnableDemo1 {
public static void main(String[] args){
MyRunnabl m = new MyRunnabl();
new Thread(m).start();
}
}
class MyRunnabl implements Runnable{
public void run(){
System.out.println("hello world");
}
}
synchronized(对象) { 需要同步的代码 } 同步的特点: 同步的前提是: 需要两个或者两个以上的线程 多个线程使用的同一个锁
同步的弊端: 当线程相当多时,因为每个线程都会去判断同步上的锁,这是很耗费资源的,无形中会降低程序的额运行效率