HTTP代理
获取代理IP
首先需要获取一个可用代理IP和端口,可以从以下网站获取IP:
西刺:https://www.xicidaili.com
快代理:https://www.kuaidaili.com/free
站大爷:http://ip.zdaye.com/dayProxy.html
当然,你也可以从其他网站购买更稳定的代理IP。
Urllib
从上述网站获取代理IP, 这里我获取到IP:116.209.59.41,端口:9999
我们从基础的 Urllib 开始学习,来看一下代理的设置方法:
from urllib.error import URLError
from urllib.request import ProxyHandler, build_opener
def http_proxy(ip, port):
proxy = ip + ':' + port
proxy_handler = ProxyHandler({
'http': 'https://' + proxy,
'https': 'https://' + proxy
})
opener = build_opener(proxy_handler)
return opener
if __name__ == "__main__":
opener = http_proxy('116.209.59.41', '9999')
try:
response = opener.open('https://httpbin.org/get')
print(response.read().decode('utf-8'))
except URLError as e:
print(e.reason)
运行结果如下:
{
"args": {},
"headers": {
"Accept-Encoding": "identity",
"Connection": "close",
"Host": "httpbin.org",
"User-Agent": "Python-urllib/3.6"
},
"origin": "116.209.59.41",
"url": "https://httpbin.org/get"
}
返回结果是 Json,字段 origin标明了你现在的 IP。正好为代理 IP,不是真实的 IP,这样我们就成功设置好代理,可以使用opener打开任意网址。
Requests
Requests 代理设置代码如下:
import requests
if __name__ == "__main__":
ip = '116.209.59.41'
port = '9999'
proxy = ip + ':' + port
proxies = {
'http': 'https://' + proxy,
'https': 'https://' + proxy,
}
try:
response = requests.get('https://httpbin.org/get', proxies=proxies)
print(response.text)
except requests.exceptions.ConnectionError as e:
print('Error', e.args)
运行结果:
{
"args": {},
"headers": {
"Accept": "*/*",
"Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate",
"Connection": "close",
"Host": "httpbin.org",
"User-Agent": "python-requests/2.18.1"
},
"origin": "106.185.45.153",
"url": "https://httpbin.org/get"
}
Selenium
Selenium 同样可以设置代理。
elenium 设置代理的代码如下:
from selenium import webdriver
def get_driver_with_proxy(ip, port):
proxy = ip + ':' + port
chrome_options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
chrome_options.add_argument('--proxy-server=https://' + proxy)
browser = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=chrome_options)
return browser
if __name__ == "__main__":
browser = get_driver_with_proxy('106.185.45.153', '9999')
browser.get('https://httpbin.org/get')
这样我们只需要调用browser就可以使用代理IP访问任意网站了。
{
"args": {},
"headers": {
"Accept": "*/*",
"Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate",
"Connection": "close",
"Host": "httpbin.org",
"User-Agent": "python-requests/2.18.1"
},
"origin": "106.185.45.153",
"url": "https://httpbin.org/get"
}
可以看到代理设置成功。
PhantomJS
对于 PhantomJS代理设置代码如下:
from selenium import webdriver
def get_PhantomJS_driver(ip, port):
proxy = ip + ':' + port
args = [
f'--proxy=',
'--proxy-type=http'
]
browser = webdriver.PhantomJS(service_args=args)
return browser
if __name__ == "__main__":
browser = get_PhantomJS_driver('106.185.45.153', '9999')
browser.get('https://httpbin.org/get')
print(browser.page_source)
通过使用 args 参数进行代理IP设置。
运行结果:
{
"args": {},
"headers": {
"Accept": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8",
"Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate",
"Accept-Language": "zh-CN,en,*",
"Connection": "close",
"Host": "httpbin.org",
"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/538.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) PhantomJS/2.1.0 Safari/538.1"
},
"origin": "106.185.45.153",
"url": "https://httpbin.org/get"
}
运行结果的 origin 同样为代理的 IP,设置代理成功。
以上就是简单的一个Pytho的IP代理设置方法。我们只需要结合爬虫,爬取免费代理IP网站上面的IP构建自己的IP池,便可以轻松切换IP进行各种爬虫。
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