通过区块链增强的微电网能源需求侧管理

通过区块链增强的微电网能源需求侧管理

Energy Demand Side Management with Micro-grid Networks Enhanced by Blockchain

Sana Noor,

Wentao Yang,

Miao Guo,

Koen H.van Dam,

Xiaonan Wang*

在需求持续快速增长的地区，能源基础设施中加入了更多间歇性可再生供电单元，使得能源供需管理更具挑战性。需求侧管理可被用来平衡供需，并在供电受限的情况下提高系统可靠性，同时扩展现有电网基础设施的容量限制。本文提出了一种可用于包含储能单元的电力系统需求侧管理模型，通过基于博弈论的方法来实现分布式能源系统的最优化管理，尤其适用于电力供应受限的环境。所开发的模型不仅能通过降低峰均比来降低负载突变对电网的冲击，同时还能平滑由于供电限制造成的负载波动。以包含不同居民用电负载的微网为例，利用本文的方法可以优化个体用户和整个系统效能，验证了模型的有效性。同时，研究引入了新兴的区块链技术来保证提出的方案可以被安全、可信、透明地实施，并阐述了去中心化的需求侧管理方法的实现方式，用以促进点对点电力交易，保证需求侧管理有效实施。

Highlights

⚫Energy demand side management is optimized to improve the system performance

⚫A game theoretic approach for distributed energy management is developed.

⚫Energy supply constraints and storage facilities are evaluated.

⚫Blockchain technology is applied for efficient and trustable micro-grid operation.

⚫Decentralized energy supply and demand management is implemented in practice.

Abstract

The management of energy supply and demand is becoming more challenging, especially in regions where the demand continues to grow rapidly and more intermittent renewable supply sources are added to the energy infrastructure. In this context, Demand Side Management (DSM) can be employed to align supply and demand and improve reliability of the system under supply constraints and stretch the capacity limits of the existing grid infrastructure. A game theoretic approach for a DSM model incorporating storage components is suggested in this paper especially for environments with energy supply constraints. The proposed model is able to not only reduce the Peak-to-Average ratio to benefit the electrical grid, but can also smoothen the dips in the load profile caused by supply constraints. In a case study to demonstrate the value of the model presented, a variety of residential demand types are evaluated within a micro-grid to maximize the payoff utility of both individual users and the whole system. Moreover, emerging blockchain technologies are introduced to guarantee the seamless and secure implementation of the proposed scheme, illustrating how a decentralized demand side management approach could be implemented in practice to facilitate peer-to-peer transactions following optimized demand profiles.

Keywords

Demand Side Management

Energy

Micro-grid

Game theory

Blockchain

Graphic Abstract

Fig. 12. User interface of the Power Trading Chain.

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