在JavaScript中实现地区联动功能,通常涉及到级联选择框(Cascading Dropdown),即一个选择框的选择结果会影响另一个选择框的选项。这种功能常用于地址选择、分类筛选等场景。
级联选择框:是指多个下拉选择框之间存在依赖关系,前一个选择框的选择结果会动态改变后一个选择框的选项。
以下是一个简单的三级地区联动的示例,使用静态数据实现:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>地区联动示例</title>
</head>
<body>
<select id="province">
<option value="">请选择省份</option>
</select>
<select id="city">
<option value="">请选择城市</option>
</select>
<select id="district">
<option value="">请选择区县</option>
</select>
<script>
const data = {
"北京市": {
"北京市": ["东城区", "西城区", "朝阳区", "丰台区", "石景山区", "海淀区", "门头沟区", "房山区", "通州区", "顺义区", "昌平区", "大兴区", "怀柔区", "平谷区", "密云区", "延庆区"]
},
"上海市": {
"上海市": ["黄浦区", "徐汇区", "长宁区", "静安区", "普陀区", "虹口区", "杨浦区", "闵行区", "宝山区", "嘉定区", "浦东新区", "金山区", "松江区", "青浦区", "奉贤区", "崇明区"]
},
// 其他省份和城市数据...
};
const provinceSelect = document.getElementById('province');
const citySelect = document.getElementById('city');
const districtSelect = document.getElementById('district');
// 初始化省份选项
for (const province in data) {
const option = document.createElement('option');
option.value = province;
option.textContent = province;
provinceSelect.appendChild(option);
}
// 省份变化时更新城市选项
provinceSelect.addEventListener('change', function() {
const province = this.value;
citySelect.innerHTML = '<option value="">请选择城市</option>';
districtSelect.innerHTML = '<option value="">请选择区县</option>';
if (province) {
for (const city in data[province]) {
const option = document.createElement('option');
option.value = city;
option.textContent = city;
citySelect.appendChild(option);
}
}
});
// 城市变化时更新区县选项
citySelect.addEventListener('change', function() {
const province = provinceSelect.value;
const city = this.value;
districtSelect.innerHTML = '<option value="">请选择区县</option>';
if (city) {
data[province][city].forEach(district => {
const option = document.createElement('option');
option.value = district;
option.textContent = district;
districtSelect.appendChild(option);
});
}
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
通过以上方法,可以有效实现并优化地区联动功能,提升用户体验和应用性能。
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