public class HttpPostExample {
    public static String postData(String urlString, String postData) throws IOException {
        URL url = new URL(urlString);
        HttpURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
        
        try {
            // 设置请求方法为POST
            urlConnection.setRequestMethod("POST");
            urlConnection.setDoOutput(true);
            
            // 设置请求头
            urlConnection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
            urlConnection.setRequestProperty("charset", "utf-8");
            
            // 写入数据
            OutputStream outputStream = urlConnection.getOutputStream();
            outputStream.write(postData.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
            outputStream.close();
            
            // 读取响应
            InputStream inputStream = urlConnection.getInputStream();
            BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream));
            StringBuilder response = new StringBuilder();
            String line;
            while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
                response.append(line);
            }
            reader.close();
            
            return response.toString();
        } finally {
            urlConnection.disconnect();
        }
    }
}

implementation 'com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp:4.9.3'

public class OkHttpPostExample {
    private final OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();

    public String postJson(String url, String json) throws IOException {
        RequestBody body = RequestBody.create(json, MediaType.parse("application/json; charset=utf-8"));
        Request request = new Request.Builder()
                .url(url)
                .post(body)
                .build();

        try (Response response = client.newCall(request).execute()) {
            return response.body().string();
        }
    }

    public String postForm(String url, Map<String, String> formData) throws IOException {
        FormBody.Builder builder = new FormBody.Builder();
        for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : formData.entrySet()) {
            builder.add(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
        }

        Request request = new Request.Builder()
                .url(url)
                .post(builder.build())
                .build();

        try (Response response = client.newCall(request).execute()) {
            return response.body().string();
        }
    }
}

implementation 'com.android.volley:volley:1.2.1'

public class VolleyPostExample {
    public void postRequest(Context context, String url, Map<String, String> params) {
        RequestQueue queue = Volley.newRequestQueue(context);
        
        StringRequest stringRequest = new StringRequest(Request.Method.POST, url,
                response -> {
                    // 处理响应
                    Log.d("Response", response);
                },
                error -> {
                    // 处理错误
                    Log.e("Error", error.toString());
                }) {
            @Override
            protected Map<String, String> getParams() {
                return params;
            }
        };
        
        queue.add(stringRequest);
    }
}

// 创建信任所有证书的OkHttpClient（仅用于测试环境）
OkHttpClient unsafeClient = new OkHttpClient.Builder()
        .hostnameVerifier((hostname, session) -> true)
        .sslSocketFactory(createSSLSocketFactory(), createTrustAllManager())
        .build();

private static SSLSocketFactory createSSLSocketFactory() {
    try {
        SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("SSL");
        sslContext.init(null, new TrustManager[]{createTrustAllManager()}, new SecureRandom());
        return sslContext.getSocketFactory();
    } catch (Exception e) {
        throw new RuntimeException(e);
    }
}

private static X509TrustManager createTrustAllManager() {
    return new X509TrustManager() {
        @Override
        public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) {}
        @Override
        public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) {}
        @Override
        public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
            return new X509Certificate[0];
        }
    };
}

// OkHttp设置超时
OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient.Builder()
        .connectTimeout(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
        .readTimeout(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
        .writeTimeout(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
        .build();

urlConnection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=utf-8");