关于PyTorch中验证过程的一个问题: val_loss低于train_loss

import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.optim as optim
from torch.utils.data import DataLoader, random_split
from torchvision import datasets, transforms

# 定义一个简单的CNN模型
class SimpleCNN(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self):
        super(SimpleCNN, self).__init__()
        self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(1, 32, kernel_size=3)
        self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(32, 64, kernel_size=3)
        self.fc1 = nn.Linear(64 * 6 * 6, 128)
        self.fc2 = nn.Linear(128, 10)

    def forward(self, x):
        x = F.relu(self.conv1(x))
        x = F.max_pool2d(x, 2)
        x = F.relu(self.conv2(x))
        x = F.max_pool2d(x, 2)
        x = x.view(-1, 64 * 6 * 6)
        x = F.relu(self.fc1(x))
        x = self.fc2(x)
        return F.log_softmax(x, dim=1)

# 数据预处理
transform = transforms.Compose([transforms.ToTensor(), transforms.Normalize((0.5,), (0.5,))])

# 加载MNIST数据集
train_dataset = datasets.MNIST(root='./data', train=True, download=True, transform=transform)
val_dataset = datasets.MNIST(root='./data', train=False, transform=transform)

# 划分训练集和验证集
train_size = int(0.8 * len(train_dataset))
val_size = len(train_dataset) - train_size
train_dataset, val_dataset = random_split(train_dataset, [train_size, val_size])

train_loader = DataLoader(train_dataset, batch_size=64, shuffle=True)
val_loader = DataLoader(val_dataset, batch_size=64, shuffle=False)

# 初始化模型、损失函数和优化器
model = SimpleCNN()
criterion = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
optimizer = optim.Adam(model.parameters(), lr=0.001)

# 训练和验证循环
num_epochs = 10
for epoch in range(num_epochs):
    model.train()
    train_loss = 0.0
    for data, target in train_loader:
        optimizer.zero_grad()
        output = model(data)
        loss = criterion(output, target)
        loss.backward()
        optimizer.step()
        train_loss += loss.item()

    model.eval()
    val_loss = 0.0
    with torch.no_grad():
        for data, target in val_loader:
            output = model(data)
            loss = criterion(output, target)
            val_loss += loss.item()

    train_loss /= len(train_loader)
    val_loss /= len(val_loader)
    print(f'Epoch {epoch+1}/{num_epochs}, Train Loss: {train_loss:.4f}, Val Loss: {val_loss:.4f}')